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1
Q

When a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon backbone (or carbon chain) it produces a(n) _____.

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

Are hydroxyl groups polar?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Alcohols contain what (—?) group?

A

Hydroxyl, OH

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4
Q

In alcohol, the hydroxyl functional group (—OH) replaces a _____ atom in a hydrocarbon.

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

In a phenol, the hydroxyl group replaces a _____ atom attached to a benzene ring.

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

Phenols contain what (—?) group bonded to a benzane ring?

A

Hydroxyl, OH

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7
Q

A thiol contains a _____ atom, or a (—?) group.

A

Sulfur, SH

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8
Q

Alcohols with one or two carbon atoms do/ do not require a number for the hydroxyl group.

A

Do not

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9
Q

An ether contains a ___-___-___ group.

A

C-O-C

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10
Q

What functional group is found in cheese, garlic, and onions?

A

Thiols

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11
Q

Alcohols with _____ carbon atoms are soluble in water.

A

1-3

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12
Q

Phenols are _____ soluble in water.

A

Slightly

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13
Q

During dehydration, alcohols undergo loss of —? And —? from adjacent _____ atoms from the same alcohol to produce a _____ molecule.

A

—H, —OH, carbon, water

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14
Q

Dehydration of a _____ alcohol can result in formation of minor and major product.

A

Secondary

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15
Q

Oxidation rxns increase number of C and O _____ by (+/-) of O or (+/-) of H

A

Bonds, addition, loss of

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16
Q

Reduction reactions reduce # of _____ between C and _____ atoms.

A

Bonds, O

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17
Q

Primary alcohols are oxidized to produce an _____, which can further oxidize to produce a _____ acid.

A

Aldehyde, carbolic

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18
Q

Secondary alcohols are oxidized to produce a _____.

A

Ketone

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19
Q

What product forms when a tertiary alcohol is oxidized?

A

No product formed; they don’t readily oxidize

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20
Q

When thiols are oxidized the product is _____.

A

Disulfide

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21
Q

Methanol is oxidized to _____ and then to _____ acid.

A

Formaldehyde, formic

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22
Q

First four substituents of Alkyl groups with and without branches:

A

Methyl, propyl, (isopropyl w/ branch), ethyl, butyl (isobutyl w/ branch)

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23
Q

Amino group looks like:

A

NH2

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24
Q

Toluene group looks like:

A

CH3

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25
Rule for addition reactions of alkenes:
When HX adds to the C=C double bond of an asymmetrical alkene, hydrogen adds preferentially to the carbon atom that already has more hydrogens.
26
In an addition rxn of water to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen adds to the carbon in the double bond that has the (lesser/greater) number of (hydrogen/carbon) atoms attached.
Greater, hydrogen
27
A hydrocarbon is:
Organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
28
A saturated hydrocarbon is:
A hydrocarbon in which the carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms by a single bond
29
An unsaturated hydrocarbon is:
A hydrocarbon in which multiple bonds (double, triple) are present.
30
Alkanes have how many bonds?
One
31
Alkenes have how many bonds?
Two
32
Alkynes have how many bonds?
Three
33
Aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons containing a _____ _____ that have double bonds that are able to alternate positions.
Benzene ring
34
_____ found in essential oils of plants produce the odor or flavor of the plant.
Phenols
35
_____ contain sulfur.
Thiols
36
What does an alkyl group look like?
Any carbon and hydrogen bonded substituent
37
Alcohols undergo _____ when heated with an acid catalyst
Dehydration
38
Oxidation occurs when there is an increase in the number of _____-_____ bonds.
Carbon-Oxygen
39
Major products are formed by:
Removing hydrogen from the carbon atom that has the least amount of hydrogens.
40
Organic compounds contain what two atoms?
Carbon and hydrogen
41
What is a structural isomer?
Molecules that have the same molecular formula and a different arrangement of atoms.
42
Alkanes with 1-4 carbons are _____ at room temperature.
Gaseous
43
Alkanes with 5-8 carbons are _____ at room temperature and are useful as _____.
Highly volatile liquids, fuels
44
Alkanes with 9-17 carbon atoms are liquids with _____ boiling points and are found in:
Higher, motor oils/mineral oils/kerosene/diesel/jet fuels
45
Alkanes with 18+ carbon atoms are known as _____ and are _____ at room temp.
Paraffins, waxy solids
46
Cis vs trans
Cis is the same side, trans is opposite sides
47
The double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes are very _____.
Reactive
48
Hydration reactions are catalyzed by strong _____.
Acids
49
Benzene is an _____ compound with a ring of ___ carbon atoms bonded to one ___ atom.
Aromatic, 6, 1
50
Benzene rings each consist of ___ double bonds.
3
51
The simplest ketone is _____, and the simplest aldehyde is _____.
Acetone, formaldehyde
52
A carbonyl group is:
C=O
53
Carbonyl groups exist in aldehydes attached to at least one ___ atom directly.
H
54
Acetaldehyde also known as:
Ethanal
55
Propionaldehyde also known as:
Propanal
56
Butyraldehyde also known as:
Butanl
57
3 carbon ketone is called a (IUPAC):
Propanone
58
4 carbon ketone called (IUPAC):
Butanone
59
5 carbon ketone called (IUPAC):
Pentanone
60
Aldehydes and ketones are very soluble in water with ___ or fewer carbon atoms and not soluble with larger carbon chains.
4
61
Aldehydes and ketones containing 1-2 carbon atoms are _____ at room temp.
Gaseous
62
Aldehydes and ketones containing 3-10 carbon atoms are _____ at room temp.
Liquid
63
Aldehydes and ketones have _____ interactions between polar groups.
Dipole dipole
64
Aldehydes and ketones have _____ boiling points of alkanes and ethers of similar mass, and _____ boiling points than alcohols of similar mass.
Higher, lower
65
Boiling point increases as number of ___ atoms and _____ forced increase.
Carbon, dispersion
66
Ketones (do/don’t) undergo oxidation reactions.
Don’t
67
Ketones reduce to _____ alcohols.
Secondary
68
Aldehydes reduce to:
Primary alcohols
69
Addition reaction: when an alcohol adds to an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst it produces _____.
A hemiacetal
70
A hemiacetal contains two _____ groups on the same atom and _____ and _____ group.
Functional, hydroxyl, alkoxy (-OR)
71
Acetals contain two _____ groups on the same carbon atom.
Alkoxy (-OR)
72
(Aldehydes/ketones) _____ are often more reactive than _____.
Aldehydes, ketones
73
Glucose forms a ___ carbon cyclic hemiacetal when the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 bonds with the carbonyl group on carbon ___.
5,1
74
Alcohol added to a cyclic hemiacetal forms a:
Cyclic acetal
75
What is maltose?
I disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules that are held together by an acetal bond.
76
When naming alkenes and alkynes start at the _____ but do not name them because it is _____. This occurs even if the alkyl or halogen substituent appears sooner, but _____ group always takes priority.
Double or triple, implied, hydroxyl
77
Substituents are listed in alphabetical order, including the (only) prefix _____, followed by the _____ at the end.
ISO, suffix
78
Haloalkanes end in the suffix ___.
Odo
79
Ethers are often called by their _____ name which has the suffix _____.
Common, ether
80
Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary by:
The number of alkyl groups or carbons attaches to the carbon that is bonded to a hydroxyl group.
81
What is the method of preparing carboxylic acids from alcohols or aldehydes?
Oxidation
82
The reactants that will form an water in the presence of an acid catalyst are:
Carboxylic acid and alcohol
83
What is the product of the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid when reacted together under acidic conditions?
An ester
84
What are the products when an water undergoes acid hydrolysis?
Carboxylic acid and an alcohol
85
Esters end in:
Ate
86
What molecule is an ester?
O-C=O

Organic Chem (2 decks)

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