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nur 300 > knowledge assessment I > Flashcards

knowledge assessment I Flashcards

1
Q

the nature of pain involves

A

physical, emotional, and cognitive components

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2
Q

pain is

A

subjective and individualized and can reduce quality of life

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3
Q

pain can lead to

A

serious physical, psychological, social, and financial consequences

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4
Q

nurses are ethically and legally responsible to

A

manage pain

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5
Q

transduction

A

activation of pain receptors

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6
Q

transmission

A

conduction along pathways
fast fibers and slow fibers

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7
Q

perception of pain

A

awareness of the characteristics of pain

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8
Q

modulation

A

inhibition or modification of pain

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9
Q

gate control theory

A

a mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself

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10
Q

the gate control theory describes the relationships between

A

pain and emotions (how you think/react to pain)

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11
Q

the more emotional you are…

A

the greater the pain (controls a person’s tolerance level for pain)

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12
Q

gate control theory is the basis for

A

non-pharm pain management

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13
Q

gate control theory is regulated in the

A

CNS

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14
Q

an open gate lets impulses to the brain in, closing the gate closes off the impulse

A

a massage or warm compress, acupuncture

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15
Q

ascending impulses going to the brain stimulate the

A

ANS

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16
Q

stress responses (SNS)

A

fight or flight - mild to moderate pain

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17
Q

fight or flight is associated with what physiological indiciations

A

increased respiratory rate
increased HR
increased blood glucose
increased muscle tesnsion
vasoconstriction
decreased GI motility
diaphoresis
pupil dilation

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18
Q

continuous, severe, or deep pain activates the

A

parasympathetic nervous system - things slow down
pallor (paleness)
N/V
decreased HR and BP
rapid irregular breathing

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19
Q

behavioral response of pain

A

clenching teeth, facial grimacing, holding or guarding the painful part, and bent posture

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20
Q

lack of pain expression does NOT

A

indicate that a patient isn’t experiencing pain

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21
Q

S/S of pain

A
  • moaning/crying
  • biting lips
  • pacing
  • change in VS
  • tightly closed eyes
  • wrinkled forehead
  • muscle tension
  • avoiding others
  • rubbing
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22
Q

types of pain

A

somatic
visceral

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23
Q

somatic pain

A

pain in joints, bone, muscle, skin, connecting tissue

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24
Q

visceral pain

A

comes from major organs
tumors
obstructions

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25
Q

acute/transient pain

A

identifiable
short duration
limited emotional response

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26
Q

chronic/persistant noncancer apin

A

may or may not have an identifiable cause

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27
Q

chronic episode

A

occurs sporadically over an extended duration

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28
Q

cancer

A

can be acute or chronic

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29
Q

idiopathic pain

A

chronic pain without identifiable physical or psychological cause

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30
Q

common biases regarding pain

A
  • substance abusers over react to pain
  • minor illness = less pain
  • taking pain meds on a continuing basis leads to addiction
  • levels of tissue damage indicates pain level
  • health care providers are the best to determine pain
  • psychogenic pain is not real
  • chronic pain is psychological
  • patients who cannot speak, have no pain
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31
Q

physiologic factors influencing pain

A

age
fatigue
genes
neurological function

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32
Q

fatigue increases the

A

perception of pain and can cause problem with sleep and rest

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33
Q

social factors influencing pain

A

previous experiences, family and social support

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34
Q

spiritual factors influencing pain

A

why am i suffering?

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35
Q

psychological factors influencing pain

A

anxiety
coping style

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36
Q

pain tolerance

A

level of pain person is willing to accept

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37
Q

cultural factors influencing pain

A

meaning of pain (some cultures feel asking for pain meds is a sign of weakness)
some are expressive others are not
suffering and pain is a part of life
language barrier

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38
Q

pain assessment

A

PQRSTU

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39
Q

P (PQRSTU)

A

palliative or provocate
what makes it better or worse?

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40
Q

Q (PQRSTU)

A

quality
what does the pain feel like

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41
Q

R (PQRSTU)

A

relief/region
where is the pain? does it radiate? what relieves the pain?

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42
Q

S (PQRSTU)

A

severity
scale 1-10 how bad is the pain?

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43
Q

T (PQRSTU)

A

timing
when did it start?

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44
Q

U (PQRSTU)

A

how does the pain affect you

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45
Q

ABCDE of pain management

A

A: ask about pain regularly, assess systematically
B: believe pt and family in their report of pain and what relieves it
C: choose pain control options appropriate for pt, family, and setting
D: deliver interventions in a timely, logical and coordinated fashion
E: empower pt and families, enable them to control course of care to greatest extent possible

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46
Q

wong-baker faces

A

used for children
has faces to associate feeling with number

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47
Q

oucher scale

A

picture scale with real life faces

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48
Q

planning

A

analyze information from multiple sources
apply critical thinking
adhere to EBP standards
setting priorities
goals and outcomes
teamwork and collaboration

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49
Q

pain ladder

A

step 1: nonopioid analgesics, NSAIDS
step 2: weak opioids
step 3: strong opioids, methadone, oral administration, transdermal patch
step 4: nerve block, epidural, PCA pump, neurolytic block therapy, spinal stimulations

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50
Q

nonpharmacological pain management

A
  • relaxation
  • guided imagery
  • biofeedback
  • distraction
  • music
  • cutaneous stimulation (massage, TENS, heat, cold, accupressure)
  • herbals
  • reducing pain perception
  • control stimuli (loosen clothing, lower temp, hygeine, repositioning, etc)
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51
Q

pharmacological pain management

A

analgesics: dliever ATC or on a schedule

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52
Q

non opioids eg tylenol, NSAIDS eg asprin

A

SE: GI bleed, renal insufficiency, liver failure
not recommended for elderly

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53
Q

opioids

A

morphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone
SE: N/V, RR depression!, sedation, constipation, itching, urinary retention, withdrawal, hypotension, bradycardia, euphoria, pupil constriction

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54
Q

adjuvants/co-analgesics

A

antidepressants
anticonvulsants

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55
Q

PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia

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56
Q

pt must be ____ to use a PCA

A

physically able

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57
Q

goal of PCA is to

A

maintain a therapuetic level through self-administration

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58
Q

common meds through PCA

A

morphine, fentanyl, dilaudid

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59
Q

PCA implications

A

VS monitoring
IV site monitoring
pt teaching needed

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60
Q

local and regional analgesia

A

labor/delivery, chronic cancer pain, post-op pain

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61
Q

local analgesia

A

produces loss of sensation
lidocaine

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62
Q

regional analgesia

A

epidural or nerve block

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63
Q

perineural

A

infusion into painful site
on a pump or disposable unit (usually no more than 48 hrs)

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64
Q

topical analgesia

A

EMLA, lidocaine, lidoderm patch

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65
Q

epidural catheter care

A
  • prevent displacement
  • maintain function
  • prevent infection
  • monitor VS and R depression
  • prevent complications (adequate hydration, assess for side effects: itching, N/V, assess sensation and motor function)
  • maintain urinary and bowel functions
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66
Q

breakthrough cancer pain

A

worsening of pain either spontaneously or by a trigger despite adequate pain control

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67
Q

types of breakthrough apin

A

end of dose breakthrough
specific triggers
unpredictable

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68
Q

treatment to breakthrough cancer pain

A
  • lifestyle changes
  • non-pharm
  • support
  • rescue doses
  • modification of disease
  • manage the causes
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69
Q

pain clinics

A

chronic pain mngmt
multidiscipline approach to pain

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70
Q

palliative care/hospice

A

assist pts to manage pain when life is limited

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71
Q

hospice

A

inpatient or at home
support and care for pts in last stages of life usually less than 6 months
pain control is priority
ANA supports aggressive pain meds even if it shortens the life (moderate increases have not been shown to shorten life)

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72
Q

palliative vs hospice care

A

Palliative care focuses on easing pain and discomfort, reducing stress, and helping people have the highest quality of life possible.
Hospice care focuses on quality of life when a cure is no longer possible, or the burdens of treatment outweigh the benefits.

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73
Q

physical dependence

A

experiencing withdrawal s/s if taken off drug quickly, rapid dose reduction, decreased level of drug, or addition of an adjuvant

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74
Q

s/s of physical dependence

A

shaking
fever
chills
abdominal cramps
joint pain
yawning

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75
Q

addiction

A

neurobiologic disease with genetic psychosocial and environment factors influencing the development

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76
Q

behaviors of addiction

A

impaired control over use
compulsive use
use even though dangerous
craving durg

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77
Q

drug tolerance

A

adaptation to drug that decreases the effects over time

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78
Q

placebo use

A

drug with no active ingredients and no therapuetic effect

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79
Q

psuedoaddiction

A

chronic pain pt who seeks out mutiple HCP to find relief from pain- drug seeker

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80
Q

pt barriers to pain management

A
  • fear of addiction
  • side effects and injections
  • suffering in silence is noble
  • part of aging
  • fear of others
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81
Q

HCP barriers to pain management

A
  • malingerer or complainer
  • assumptions about pt in pain
  • biases based on culture, education, experiences
  • limit ability to help pt
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82
Q

pt at risk for adverse effects

A
  • sleep apnea/snoring
  • obesity
  • older adults
  • co-morbidities
  • no prior use
  • polypharmacy
  • recent surgery
  • prolonged anesthesia
  • smoker
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83
Q

evaluation of pain

A

what is pain rating now?
which pain rating is acceptable to patient?
how do you recommend that the pt treatment be changed to reduce pain rating?

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84
Q

pathogenicity

A

capacity to cause disease

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85
Q

what factors influence pathogenicity

A
  • virulence
  • survive in the host
  • number of organisms
  • ability of the host to prevent infection
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86
Q

kinds of pathogens

A

bacteria, virsues, and fungi (yeasts and molds) and helminths

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87
Q

transient microorganisms

A

attach to the skin during contact with another person or object

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88
Q

resident flora

A

permanent inhabitants of the skin and cannot usually be removed with routine handwashing

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89
Q

asymptomatic or convalescent carriers

A

infected without signs or symptoms of the disease

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90
Q

bacteria examples

A

staph
strep
tb
gonorrhea

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91
Q

viruses examples

A

hep A, B, C
herpes
HIV
chicken pox
COVID

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92
Q

fungi

A

yeast infections
candida

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93
Q

helminths

A

tapeworms
round worms

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94
Q

typhoid mary

A

1800s
asymptomatic carrier of salmonella
she was a cook for several families - transmission by food preparation

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95
Q

who is most likely a carrier of MRSA

A

nurses

96
Q

nation safety patient safety goals

A
  1. identify patients correctly
  2. improve staff communication
  3. use medications safely
  4. prevent infection
  5. identify patient safety risks
  6. prevent mistakes in surgery
97
Q

modes of transmission

A
  • contact
  • indirect
  • droplet
  • airborne
  • vehicles
  • vectors
98
Q

contact transmission

A

direct person to person contact
ex. touching, kissing, sexual contact

99
Q

indirect transmission

A

contaminate inanimate object
ex. thermometer, blood pressure machine, pens

100
Q

droplet transmission

A

pathogen travels in water droplets
ex. sneezing and coughing

101
Q

airborne transmission

A

travels through air or dust particles
ex. heating, air, conditioning, sweeping a floor, shaking out bed linens

102
Q

vehicles of transmission

A

contaminated items
water, blood, food, air

103
Q

vectors of disease

A

external mechanical transfer of a pathogen
mosquitos, ticks, fleas, bats

104
Q

resovoirs

A

a place where microorganisms survive, multiple, and await transfer to a susceptible host

105
Q

what conditions allow for replication and survival of pathogens

A
  • nutrients
  • moisture
  • temperature
  • oxygen
  • pH and electrolytes
  • lighting
106
Q

living resovoirs

A
  • humans
  • animals
  • insects
107
Q

nonliving resovoirs

A
  • food
  • floors
  • equipment
  • contaminated water
108
Q

portal or exit

A

any route that the pathogen can leave the resovoir

109
Q

portal of entry

A

the route a pathogen can take to enter a susceptible host

110
Q

host

A

a person with inadequate defenses against an invading pathogen

111
Q

temperature of resovoirs

A

68-109

112
Q

anerobic

A

no oxygen for growth

113
Q

aerobic

A

oxygen for growth

114
Q

pH for resovoirs

A

5.0-7.0

115
Q

portals of entry

A

broken skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, reproductive track, wounds, catheters, tubes

116
Q

chain of infection

A
  1. pathogenic organism
  2. resovoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. means of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
117
Q

common cold (organisms, resovoir, portal or exit, transmission, portal of entry, susceptible hsot)

A
  • rhinovirus
  • can live in nose and upper respiratory tract
  • way for infectious agent to escape the reservoir, nasal and mouth secretions
  • airborne droplets, coughing, sneezing
  • respiratory tract, nose mouth
  • young children, older adults
118
Q

stages of infection

A
  1. incubation period
  2. prodromal stage
  3. illness stage
  4. decline
  5. convalescence
119
Q

incubation period

A

successful invasion of pathogen
first appearance of symptoms
stage can last a day or month
- chicken pox 2-3 wks
- common cold 1-2 days
- rabies days-years

120
Q

prodromal stage

A

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific signs and symptoms
ex. scratchy throat, colds
not all infections have prodromal stage

121
Q

illness

A

patient becomes ill when the first signs and symptoms of the disease occur
first signs and symptoms of disease occur

122
Q

decline

A

patients immune defenses along with medical therapies, successfully reduce number of pathogenic microbes

123
Q

convalescence

A

interval when the acute symptoms of infection disappear

124
Q

primary defenses against infection

A

anatomical features that prevent organisms from entering body
ex. normal body flora
body system defenses, intact skin, respiratory tree, tearing, blinking, voiding, sneezing

125
Q

secondary defenses against infection

A

biochemical processes that are activated by chemicals released by pathogens
- phagocytosis
- inflammation
- fever

126
Q

tertiary defenses against infection

A

humoral immunity is the production of antibodies in response to pathogens (immunoglobins)
IgG and IgM

127
Q

factors increasing host susceptiblity

A

developmental stage
immunizations
breaks in skin/surgeries
illness/injury
chronic diseases (diabetes)
tobacco use/substance abuse
multiple sex partners
medications that increase or decrease immune response
nursing/medical procedures
enironment/lifestyle
exposure
socioeconomic functional status

128
Q

factors that support host defenses

A

nutrition (to manufacture cells of immune system)
hygiene (sufficient to decrease skin bacterial count)
rest and sleep
exercise
stress reduction
immunizations

129
Q

phagocytosis

A

process by which phagocytes (specialized WBC) engulf and destroy pathogens

130
Q

inflammation

A

process that begins when histamine and other chemicals are released from damaged cells

131
Q

s/s of inflammation

A

localized warmth and erythema (redness)

132
Q

what occurs physiologically during inflammation

A

blood vessels dilate and become more permeable which increases the flow of phagocytes, antimicorbial chemicals, oxygen, and nutrients to affected area

133
Q

fever

A

rise in core body temperature that increases metabolism, inhibits multiplication of pathogens, and triggers specific immune responses

134
Q

IgG

A

most common antibody
in blood and other body fluids and protect against bacterial and viral infections

135
Q

IgM

A

found mainly in blood and lymph
first antibody the body makes when fighting a new infection

136
Q

noticing infection

A

patient appearance
vital signs
diagnostic testing

137
Q

vital signs include

A

temperature
pulse
respiration
blood pressure
o2 saturation

138
Q

diagnostic testing

A

WBC
ESR
iron levels
CRP
serum complement
lactate levels
cultures
iron levels
disease titers

139
Q

health history

A

exposure, outside the country, unusual foods, past/present disease, medications, OTC meds, herbal, stress level, immunization/vaccine history, symptoms of illness

140
Q

physical assessment

A

general apperance, facial expressions, posture, body build and type, signs of distress such as dyspnea, level of consciousness, speech, speech pattern

141
Q

5 s/s of infection

A
  1. fever
  2. diarrhea
  3. fatigue
  4. coughing
  5. muscle aches
142
Q

WBC infection

A

> than 10,000 mm3

143
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

elevated presence of inflammatory process/infection

144
Q

iron levels

A

low levels imply chronic infection

145
Q

C-reactive protein

A

measures protein in blood, high levels can indicate severe infection

146
Q

serum complement

A

proteins that protect against infection decrease when an infection is present

147
Q

lactate levels

A

biproduct of normal metabolism, high levels indicate spesis, shock, decreased oxygenation

148
Q
A
149
Q

cultures

A

blood, urine, throat, wound, spinal fluid

150
Q

disease titers

A

exposure to disease and immunity

151
Q

what happens to blood pressure in the presence of infection

A

BP can temporarily increase because of the inflammatory response and as the immune system fights the infection increasing BF

if left untreated, pathogens can create holes in vessels and with leaking of blood, decrease BP

152
Q

preventing infection at home

A
  • teaching infection prevention
  • promote wellness to support host defenses
  • hand hygeine
  • disinfectants
  • prepare and store food safely
  • cook food appropriately
  • do not share with personal care items
  • washing dishware, clothing, etc.
153
Q

self-care for preventing infection

A

hand hygiene
rest and sleeo
exercise and activity
stress reduction
immunizations

154
Q

tier one, standard precautions

A

protects healthcare workers from exposure
decreases transmission of pathogens
protects clients from pathogens carried by healthcare workers

*applies to blood, all body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes

155
Q

tier two

A

airborne
droplet
contact

156
Q

airborne infection prevention

A

private room, mask, negative pressure room
ex. tuberculosis

157
Q

droplet infection prevention

A

private room, room with someone with same disease, mask
ex. pneumonia, sepsis

158
Q

contact infection prevention

A

private room, gloves, gowns, dispose of dressing in single bag
ex. HSV, varicella, RSV, scabies

159
Q

how does rest affect infection prevention

A

6-9 hrs per night is considered fully restorative for most people
sleep is neccessary for energy needed for healing

160
Q

how does exercise affect infection prevention

A

too little activity causes circulation to slow and lungs to supply less oxygen
too much leads to fatigue and joint injury

161
Q

stress reduction and infection prevention

A

laughing increases immune responses, improves oxygenation, and promotes body movement
physical or mental stress decreases the body’s immune defenses

162
Q

immunizations and infection prevention

A

encourage clients to follow recommendations for immunzations (vaccinations)

163
Q

for most diseases at least ___ of the population must be immunized in order to protect the entire population from disease

A

85%

164
Q

medication legislation and standards

A
  • pure food and drug act
  • food and drug administration
  • harris-kefauver amendment to the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act
  • controlled substance act
  • medwatch program
165
Q

the pure food and drug act

A

1906
prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterate food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nations first consumer protection agency, the FDA

166
Q

federal food drug, and cosmetic act

A

new drugs must be tested with results reviewed by the FDA
the FDA approves the drug for marketing based on test results showing that drugs are safe

167
Q

harris-kefauver amendment to the FDA

A

1962
drugs must be proven to be effective before they can be put on the market

168
Q

controlled substance act

A

1970
aka comprehensive drug abuse prevention control act
the manufacture and distribution of drugs that have the potential for abuse must be regulated
grouped drugs into 5 distinct schedules depending on drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s potential for abuse or dependency

169
Q

medwatch program

A

the FDA medical product safety reporting program for health professionals, patients and consumers

170
Q

medication regulations and nursing practice

A

state nursing practice act define required skill levels of all state-licensed nurses
states have the power to enforce additional regulations beyond federal mandates

171
Q

health care facilities must develop

A

policies and procedures for managing medication inventory and distribution in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations

172
Q

facilities address the management of controlled substances at both

A

the organization and unit levels by means of careful tracking policies for disposal of unused controlled substances

173
Q

state NPAs

A

define required educaiton and skill levels of all state-liscenced nurses

174
Q

NPAs are mandated on what level

A

state level

175
Q

medication names

A

chemical
generic
offical name
trade

176
Q

chemical medication name

A

provides the exact description of medications composition
ex. 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) proponic acid

177
Q

generic name

A

manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name and it is then listed in the US pHarmacopeia
meds in same family have same stem in end of generic names
ex. lidoCAINE, oxycoDONE, peniCILLIN

178
Q

offical name

A

designated by FDA and is usually the generic name
ex. ibuprofen

179
Q

trade name

A

also known as brand or proprietary name
name under which a manufacturer markets the medication
ex. motrin, advil

180
Q

classification of medication

A
  • effect on body system
  • symptoms the medication relieves
  • medication’s desired effects
    ex. ASA/NSAID: antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory
181
Q

drug absorption

A

the transportation of the unmetabolized drug from the site of administration to the body circulation system

182
Q

factors that influence absorption of drugs

A
  • route of administration
  • ability of a medication to dissolve
  • blood flow to the site of administration
  • body surface area
  • lipid solubility
183
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of how a medication moves into through and out of the body

184
Q

what kinds of administration absorb least quick to quickest

A

PO
SC
IM
IV
IV push

185
Q

distribution of meds

A

circulation
membrane permeability
protein pinding

186
Q

metabolism and medications

A

medications aer metabolized into a less-potent or an inactive form
- biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down, and remove active chemicals

187
Q

where does most metabolism of drugs happen

A

within the liver

188
Q

harmful chemicals, and disease can affect

A

liver and aging can cause medications to leave the body more slowly

189
Q

excretion of medication

A

meds exit through the kidney (main organ), liver, bowel, lungs, exocrine glands

190
Q

chemical makeup of medication determines

A

the organ of excretion

191
Q

therapuetic effect of medication

A

expected or predicted physiological response

192
Q

side effect of medication

A

unavoidable secondary effect

193
Q

adverse effect of medication

A

unintended undersiteable often unpredictable

194
Q

toxic effect of medication

A

accumulation of medication in the bloodstream

195
Q

idiosyncratic reactoin

A

over reaction or under reaction or different reaction from normal

196
Q

allergic reaction

A

unpredictable response to medication

197
Q

oxycodone hydrochloride-acetominophen (percocet)

A

TE - relieve moderate/severe pain
SE- potential for addiction, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, dry mouth, nausea-vomiting, sweating, respiratory depression
AE- severe hypotension, hepatoxicity, serious skin rxns
ALE- skin redness or rash, itching, swelling, anaphylaxis
OoA- 15-30 minutes, peaks in 1 hr and lasts up to 2-6 hrs

198
Q

medication interactions

A

one medication modifies the action of another

199
Q

medication tolerance

A

more medication is required to achieve the same therapeutic effect

200
Q

medication dependence

A

physical
psychological

201
Q

all medications have a maximum drug effect which means that

A

there is a point at which increasing the dose of a medication will not increase the effect of the drug

202
Q

therapeutic effect is influenced by factors such as

A
  1. medication dose
  2. route of administration
  3. frequency of administration
  4. function of metabolizing organs
203
Q

onset of action

A

time it takes for a medication to produce a response

204
Q

peak

A

time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration

205
Q

trough

A

minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose

206
Q

duration

A

time medication takes to produce greatest result

207
Q

plateau

A

point at which blood serum concentration is reached and maintained

208
Q

biological half-life

A

time for serum medication concentration to be halved

209
Q

half-life of medication

A

100mg med at 1pm
1:00pm - 100mg
3:00pm - 50mg
5:00pm - 25mg
7:00pm - 12.5mg

210
Q

what factors influence therapuetic effect on medication

A

age
gender and body build
chronic disease
concurrent medication use
nutritional status
pregnancy
genetic factors
health illness beliefs
previous experience with meds
knowledge base
culture
developmental stage
social support and finances
med dependence and misue

211
Q

gender and body build

A

difference in hormones, distribution of fat and water, weight, height, and lean body mass can affect medication absorption metabolism distribution and excreation

212
Q

presence or absence of food in the stomach can

A

alter medication absorption
decreased nutritional status impairs the clients ability to produce specific medication-metabolizing enzymes leading to impaired medication metabolism

213
Q

preganancy on meds

A

circulatory changes, hormonal changes, can affect how meds are absorbed distributed metabolized and excreted

214
Q

genetic factors influencing therapuetic effect

A

inherited traits may have a specific influence on metabolism of certain medication

215
Q

routes of administration

A

oral (sublingual, buccal)
topical (direct, body cavity)
inhalation
parenteral (ID, Sub-Q, IM, IV) - epidural, intrathecal, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intrarterial
intraocular

216
Q

metric system

A

most logically organized
meter, L, gram
never use a trailing zero

217
Q

household system

A

most familiar
innacurate at imes

218
Q

solutions

A

when a solid is dissolved in a fluid, concentration is expressed as
- unites of mass per units of volume
- percentage
- proportions

219
Q

orders

A

written
verbal
telephone

220
Q

when recieving TO or VOs..

A

clearly ID pt name, room number, and diagnoses
use clarifying questions to avoid misunderstandings

221
Q

a nurse recieving a TO or VO enters the

A

complete order into computer by computerized provider order entry (CPOE) or writes it out on a physicians order sheet

222
Q

TJC requires VO or TO to be

A

recorded and read back to provider

223
Q

standing orders

A

administered routinely

224
Q

single orders

A

one time use

225
Q

prn orders

A

as needed by the patient

226
Q

NOW orders

A

given within 60-90 minutes

227
Q

STAT orders

A

must be given immediately
most likely during a code

228
Q

prescriptions

A

at-home meds

229
Q

nurses role in medication administration

A

determines medications ordered are correct
assesses pt ability to self administer
determines medication timing
administer meds correctly
closely monitors for effects
provides pt teaching

230
Q

10 rights of medication

A

right medicine
right dose
right patient
right time
right route
right documentation
right assessment/indication
right evaluation
right to refuse
right pt education

231
Q

check points when pulling meds

A
  1. check 1 when pulling it out of machine
  2. check 2 when preparing medication to be administerred
  3. check 3 just before giving meds
232
Q

pt rights

A

be informed about meds
to refuse meds
to have med hx
to be advised of experimental meds
receive labeled meds safely
receive appropriate support
not receive unneccassary meds
be informed if meds are part of research study

233
Q

med reconciliation

A

comparing past and present med list
- admission
- discharge
- transfer to new hcp
- post op

234
Q

process of med reconciliation

A

verify the list
compare the list
reconcile the list if needed
communicate updates

235
Q

medication error

A

any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use or jeopardize pt safety

236
Q

when an error occurs

A
  1. assess pt condition, notify hcp
  2. when pt is stable, report incident
  3. prepare and ile occurence or incidence report
  4. report near misses and incidents that cause no harm
237
Q
A

nur 300 (3 decks)

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