Known Muscles Flashcards by Yipei Sun

Q

Muscles of gluteal region

A

Gluteus maximus - extension
Gluteus medius - abduction
Gluteus minimus - abduction
Tensor fasciae latae - knee flexion

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Q

Deep muscles of gluteal region

A

Piriformis - lateral rotation
Obturator internus - lateral rotation
Quadratus femoris - lateral rotation - ischial tuberosity
Superior and inferior gemelli - lateral rotation - spine and tuberosity

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Q

Anterior thigh muscles - flexors

A

Iliopsoas - anterior rami 1-3 and femoral
Sartorius - abduct and lat rotate - medial tibia
Pectineus - flex and adduct thigh

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Q

Anterior thigh muscles - extensors

A

Vastus lateralis - fem shaft
Vastus intermedius - fem shaft
Vastus medialis - fem shaft
Rectus femoris - AIIS

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Q

Medial thigh muscles

A

Adductor magnus - pubis and ischium, ischial tuberosity
Adductor longus - pubis
Adductor brevis - pubis
Gracilis - pubis - medial tibia hip adduction and knee flexion
Obturator externus

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Q

Posterior leg muscles

A

Gastrocnemius - condyle of femur
Plantaris - lateral condyle of femur
Soleus - Soleal line and medial border of tibia and Posterior fibular head

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Q

Muscles of dorsal foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis - prox

Extensor hallucis brevis - prox

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Q

Trapezius attachments

A

Skull, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12

Clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula

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Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory nerve

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Q

Trapezius action

A

Elevation, rotation, retraction and depression of the scapula

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Q

Latissimus dorsi attachments

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs

Fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the upper limb

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Q

Levator scapulae attachments

A

Transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae

Medial border of the scapula

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Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevation of the scapula

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Q

Rhomboid major attachments

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

Medial border of the scapula, between the scapula spine and inferior angle

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Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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Q

Rhomboid major action

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

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Q

Rhomboid minor attachments

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

Medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula

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Q

Rhomboid minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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Q

Rhomboid minor actions

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

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Q

serratus posterior superior attachments

A

lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, and the cervical and thoracic spines (usually C7 – T3)

ribs 2-5

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Q

serratus posterior superior innervation

A

Intercostal nerves

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serratus posterior superior action

elevate/depress the ribs during respiration

serratus posterior inferior attachment

thoracic and lumbar spines (usually T11 – L3) ribs 9-12

serratus posterior inferior innervation

Intercostal nerves

serratus posterior inferior action

elevate/depress the ribs during respiration

Splenius capitis attachments

Lower aspect of the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C7 – T3/4 vertebrae Mastoid process and the occipital bone

Splenius capitis innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4

Splenius capitis function

Rotate head to the same side

Splenius cervicis (colli) attachments

Spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebae Transverse processes of C1-3/4

Splenius cervicis (colli) innervation

Posterior rami of the lower cervical spinal nerves

Splenius cervicis (colli) function

Rotate head to the same side

Longissimus attachments

Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae Lower ribs, the transverse processes of C2 – T12, and the mastoid process of the skull

Iliocostalis attachments

Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae Costal angle of the ribs and the cervical transverse processes

Iliocostalis innervation

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Iliocostalis function

Unilaterally - laterally flex the vertebral column | Bilaterally - extend the vertebral column and head

Longissimus innervation

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Longissimus function

Unilaterally - laterally flex the vertebral column. | Bilaterally - extend the vertebral column and head

Spinalis attachments

Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae Spinous processes of C2, T1-T8 and the occipital bone of the skull

Spinalis innervation

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Spinalis function

Unilaterally - laterally flex the vertebral column. | Bilaterally - extend the vertebral column and head

Semispinalis attachments

Transverse processes of C4-T10 Spinous processes of C2-T4, and to the occipital bone of the skull

Semispinalis innervation

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Semispinalis function

Extends and contralaterally rotates the head and vertebral column

Multifidus attachments

Sacrum, iliac spine, common tendinous origin of the erector spinae, lumbar vertebrae, T1-T3 and C4-C7 Spinous processes of the vertebrae

Multifidus innervation

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Multifidus function

Stablises the vertebral column

Subclavius muscle attachments

Costal cartilage, sternal end of rib 1 Anteroinferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Subclavius muscle innervation

Subclavian nerve (C5-6)

Subclavius muscle action

Sternoclavicular joint - anchor and depress clavicle

External Oblique attachments

External surfaces of 5th–12th ribs Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

External oblique innervation

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7–T11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve

External oblique action

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera and flexes and rotates trunk

Internal oblique attachments

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament Inferior borders of 10th–12th ribs, linea alba, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Internal oblique innervation

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6–T12 spinal nerves) and L1

Internal oblique action

Compresses and supports abdominal viscerab and flexes and rotates trunk

Transversus abdominis attachments

Internal surfaces of 7th–12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Transversus abdominis innervation

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6–T12 spinal nerves) and L1

Transversus abdominis action

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Rectus abdominis attachments

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest Xiphoid process and 5th–7th costal cartilages

Rectus abdominis innervation

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6–T12 spinal nerves)

Rectus abdominis action

Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antilordosis)

Quadratus lumborum attachments

Medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

Quadratus lumborum innervation

Anterior branches of T12 and L1–L4 nerves

Quadratus lumborum actions

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Posterior thigh muscles

Biceps femoris - ischial tuberosity and femoral shaft - head of fibula Semitendinosus - ischial tuberosity - proximal tibia Semimembranosus - ischial - proximal tibia

Popliteus function

Stabilises knee joint and limits lateral rotation of tibio-femoral joint “Unlocks” the knee joint

Popliteus innervation

Tibial nerve

Popliteus attachments

Lateral femoral condyle Posterior surface of tibia

Tibialis Posterior function

Plantarflexion, Foot Inversion | Also support of Medial Arch

Tibialis Posterior innervation

Tibial nerve

Tibialis Posterior attachments

Posterior interosseous membrane Navicular Tuberosity Medial Cuneiform

Flexor Hallucis Longus functions

Flexion of Great Toe

Flexor Hallucis Longus innervation

Tibial nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus attachments

Posterior interosseous membrane Plantar surface of Base of Distal Phalanx of Great Toe

Flexor Digitorum Longus functions

Flexion of Lateral 4 Toes

Flexor Digitorum Longus innervation

Tibial nerve

Flexor Digitorum Longus attachments

Medial Tibia Plantar surfaces of Base of Distal Phalanx of Lateral 4 Toes

Fibularis Longus function

Foot Eversion, Plantarflexion, Support arches of foot

Fibularis Longus innervation

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis Longus attachments

Upper lateral surface/Head of fibula Base of 1st Metatarsal Medial cuneiform

Fibularis Brevis functions

Foot Eversion

Fibularis Brevis innervation

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis Brevis attachments

Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula Base of 5th Metatarsal

Pectoralis major function

Adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint

Pectoralis major innervation

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Pectoralis major attachments

Clavicle, sternum, first 7 costal cartilage, external oblique aponeurosis Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Pectoralis minor function

Depresses tip of shoulder; protracts scapula

Pectoralis minor innervation

Medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis minor attachments

3rd-5th ribs Coracoid process of the scapula

Serratus anterior function

Rotates the scapula, allowing the arm to be raised over 90 degrees

Serratus anterior innervation

Long thoracic nerve

Serratus anterior attachments

Ribs 3-8 Medial border of the scapula

Lumbricals function

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint Extension of interphalangeal joint

Lumbricals innervation

The lateral two lumbricals are innervated by the median nerve The medial two lumbricals are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

Lumbricals attachments

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus | Extensor expansions

Flexor digitorum superficialis function

Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

Median nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis attachments

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and radius Middle phalanges

Flexor digitorum profundus function

Flex the distal IPJs and flexes the MCPJs at the wrist.

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Digits 2-3: Median nerve | Digits 4-5: Ulnar nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus attachments

Ulna Distal phalanges

Extensor digitorum function

Metacarpophalangeal / Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger extension

Extensor digitorum innervation

Posterior interosseous nerve

Extensor digitorum attachments

Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions

Tibialis anterior function

Dorsiflexion, foot inversion

Tibialis anterior innervation

Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior attachments

Interosseous membrane Medial cuneiform, metatarsal I

Extensor digitorum longus function

Extension of four digits, dorsiflexion

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor digitorum longus attachments

Fibular, tibia, interosseous membrane Phalange of 4 toes

Extensor hallucis longus function

Extension of great toe, dorsiflexion

Extensor hallucis longus innervation

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor hallucis longus attachments

Fibular, tibia, interosseous membrane Phalange of great toe

Fibularis tertius function

Dorsiflexion and eversion

Fibularis tertius innervation

Deep fibular nerve

Fibularis tertius attachments

Fibula, interosseous membrane Metatarsal 5