Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMS II > Koh GI > Flashcards

Koh GI Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

GERD

A

Heartburn, food/acid in esophagus

From faulty sphincter, hiatal hernia, obesity, preg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Lesser curvature of stomach
Pain after eating
some N+V
Older people-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

Upper duodenum
pain 2-4 hrs after eating (food helps)
Rarely N/V
Younger pop-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stress Ulcers

A

More acid, less mucus and blood Q
mucosal injury in stomach
very ill pts, but heals fast
EtOH or steroid induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Defensive factors

A

Mucus
Bicarb
Blood Flow- maintains mucosal integrity
Prostaglandins (PGE1+2) inhibit acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aggressive Factors

A 
Gastric and Bile Acids
Pepsin
H. pylori (75% of cases)
NSAIDS
Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells of Acid Secretion

A

Parietal- gastrin, H2, M3
Enterochromaffin like- gastrin + M3
->cause histamine relase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antacid “interactions”

A

Increases gastric emptying
Binds with Fe and tetracyclines
Urinary alkalization
Caution in renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Systemic, rapid, short DOA
Best agent, but in combos
Caution in Na restricted pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

Partially systemic, rapid, longer DOA

still subject to rebound, CO2, and Milk-Alkali

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Magnesium Products

A

Non-Systemic, fairly rapid
Mg not absorbed but caution in renal failure
Diarrhea main SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aluminum salts (Rolaids)

A

Non-Systemic, not absorbed
Slow acting, sustained
binds phosphate
Constipation main SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Simethicone (Mylanta)

A

Defoaming agent that increases surface tension of gas bubble to speed passage in gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H2 blockers (general)

A

decreases both basal and stimulated acid
»decreases pepsin levels
no effect on GI emptying or tone
Safe, minor SE, DrOCh for IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PPIs

A 
most prescribed class
irreversible antagonist of H/K
>>covalent bond
short half life, no dose reduction
DOC for GERD and PUD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ulcer healing time

A 
gastric = 6-8wks
duodenal = 4wks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“Triple Therapy”

A

PPI (antimicrobial) + 2 antibiotics x2wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sucralfate

A

sulfated sucrose, forms paste barrier
no effect on pH
decrease absorption of some drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

mimics PGE1
inhibits acid, increases bicarb and mucus
TID-QID, CI in preggers
FDA approved for ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pepto Bismol

A

bismuth not absorbed, salicylate is
antimicrobial, coats ulcers, reduces poop freq
never give if under 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives

A 
Absorb water to increase bulk
results in 1-3 days
methylcellulose 
polycarbophil
psyllium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Emollients (stool softeners)

A

allow lipids and water to penetrate stool
1-3 d PO, 6-12hrs rectally
docusate products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lubricants

A

coats stool»stops H2O reabsorption
results in 8hrs
mineral oil and glycerine supp.
take 2hr before or after food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osmotics (saline) properties

A

draws fluid into stool
for pre-op
can lead to dehydration
poop in 1-3hrs w high dose, 2-8 low dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Osmotics products
Sugars/Salts: MgOH, sorbitol, lactulose, Mg citrate or phosphate, Na phosphate. Polyethylene Glycol: large volumes given, "inert"
26
Stimulant Products (irritants, carthartics)
anthraquinone (senna, cascara) 2hr rect diphenylmethane (bisacodyl) 30min rect, used w PEG castor oil
27
Chloride Channel Activator
lubiprostone (Amitiza) PG derivative For IBS-C in women
28
Opioid Antagonists
methylnaltrexone (Relistor) | alvimopan (Entereg) CV toxicity!!
29
5-HT4 Agonists
tegaserod (Zelnorm) for IBS-C cisapride (Propulsid) CV SE!!
30
Acute Diarrhea Tx
``` 4-6H, no food 6-12H, liquids 12H, simple foods Avoid dairy drug treatment ```
31
diphenoxylate (+atropine=Lomotil)
congener of meperidine high doses>>morphine like atropine discourages abuse
32
loperamide
no abuse potential doesn't cross BBB longer DOA than diphenoxylate
33
Acute Watery T. Diarrhea
E. coli, shigella, salmonella bind to mucosa, produce cAMP/GMP >>water and elec. in stool Pepto+doxycyline
34
Dysentery T. Diarrhea
shigella, entamoeba blood and/or mucus in poop fecal-to-oral treat w antibiotics
35
Giardiasis T. Diarrhea
giardia lamblia gastric pH promotes cyst survival 2-6wks, metronidazole as tx
36
Vomiting receptors
M3, H1, NK1, 5-HT3
37
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
aka "area postrema" | D2 dopamine and opioid receptors
38
Vestibular System
motion sickness | M1 and H1
39
Vagal and spinal nerves
GI mucosal cells release serotonin, | 5-HT3 receptors, prov-vomiting signals
40
5-HT3 antagonists | features
DOC for prevention during chemo or postoperative emesis | CYP metab and renal excretion
41
Neurokinin receptor antagonists
aprepitant (capsule) fosaprepitant (inj) combo with 5HT3 blockers and corticosteroids CYP3A4>>interactions (chemo+warfarin)
42
Phenothiazines
anti-psychotics prochlorperazine (Compazine) promethazine
43
Butyrophenones
anti-psychotics droperidol AE: prolongation of QT interval
44
Benzamides | And MOA
metaclopramide and trimethobenzamide (Tigan) | block DA receptors
45
Cannabinoids
MOA unknown for anti-emetic dronabinol, nabilone pt supervision recommended
46
Morning Sickness
unknown cause conservative treatment! antihistamines or metaclopramide if severe
47
Hyperemesis gravidarum
2-5% of pregnancies uncontrolled vomiting antihistamines then phenothiazines
48
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
idiopathic, relapsing, pain, bloating, cramps, dia&const discomfort 3x/month x3months treat pain w low dose TCAs
49
dicyclomine (Bentyl)
``` For IBS (antispasmodic) muscarinic antagonists SE: const. ```
50
hyoscyamine (Levsin)
``` For IBS (antispasmodic) muscarinic antagonist SE: const. ```
51
alosetron (Lotronex)
5HT3 antagonist decrease discomfort, increase stool firmness, decrease fecal urgency approved for IBS-D in WOMEN
52
lubiprostone (Amitiza)
Chloride channel activator prostaglandin analog as laxative for IBS-C in WOMEN Preg category C
53
tegaserod (Zelnorm)
5HT4 Agonist promotility for IBS-C in women use only in emergency w healthy CV
54
Ulcerative Colitits
inflamm of sub/mucosa of colon and rectum immune cells respond possible rectal bleeding
55
Crohn's Disease
inflamm of any layers in any GI section commonly in terminal ileum surgery often results
56
Hepatic Lobule
From portal vein and hepatic artery to the central vein
57
Portal Lobule
Drains bile from central vein (hepatocyte) to bile duct in portal triad
58
Acinus
Zone I: mitochondria rich, have portal vein and hepatic artery Zone III: Many CYPs, central vein
59
Bile componenets
``` Glutathione Phospholipids Cholesterol Bilirubin Bile salts ```
60
Canalicular Choestasis
decrease in V of bile or component of it leads to high serum levels of bile salts/bilirubin caused by metals, hormones, drugs inhibit active transport
61
Sinusoidal Damage
by Dilation: efflux impeded Blockade: RBCs caught in fenestrae Destruction of ECs Toxins: Anabolic steroids, cyclophosphamide
62
Metoclopramide
Reglan Dopamine D2 antagonist Increase Ach, prokinetic No effect on SI or colon
63
IBS drugs for women only
Tegaserod, IBS-C Lubiprostone, IBS-C Alosetron, IBS-D

BMS II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions