Kohlberg

Question 1

Individuals have not yet come to understand societal rules and expectations; their perspective is concrete and individually focused

Answer 1

Preconventional Level

Question 2

what is right is defined as obeying rules to avoid punishment and refraining from physical harm to others and their property

Answer 2

Stage 1: Heteronomonous Morality

Question 3

follow rules if it is in their interest to do so. They understand that other people have needs and interest that may conflict with their own, so right is defined by what is fair, and equal exchange, or an agreement

Answer 3

Stage 2: Individualistic, Instrumental Morality

Question 4

called the “member of society” perspective: individuals identify with the rules and expectations of others, especially authoriteis

Answer 4

Conventional Level

Question 5

right is defined as meeting the expectations of those to whom one is close and carrying out appropriate, acceptable social roles. Concern centers on maintaining “good person” image

Answer 5

Stage 3: Interpersonally Normative Morality

Question 6

individuals view the social system as made up of a consistent set of rules and procedures applying equal to all people.

Answer 6

Stage 4: Social System Morality

Question 7

labeled the “prior to society” perspective. Individuals separate themselves from the rules and expectations of others and base their decisions on self-chosen principles.

Answer 7

Postconventional or Principled Level

Question 8

laws and social systems are evaluated based on the extent to which they promote fundamental human rights and values.

Answer 8

Stage 5: Human Rights & Social Welfare Morality

Question 9

morality involves equal consideration of the points of view of all involved in a moral situation

Answer 9

Stage 6: Morality of Universalizable, Reversible, & Prescriptive General Ethical Principles