Konorev Adrenergic Drugs

Question 1

adrenergic receptors can be divided what 2 was?

Answer 1

genetic analysis/separation and pharmacologically

Question 2

alpha 1 receptor is associated with what kind of G protein?

Answer 2

Gq

Question 3

what kind of G protein with alpha 2?

Answer 3

Gi

Question 4

Gq activates what?

Answer 4

IP3 and MAPK pathways

Question 5

terminally differentiated cells that have Gq stimulation results in what?

Answer 5

hypertrophy

Question 6

beta receptors activate what?

Answer 6

AC

Question 7

activation of which adrenergic receptor will increase levels of cAMP in tissue?

Answer 7

Beta1

Question 8

which adrenergic receptor is found on most vascular smooth m.?

Answer 8

alpha1

Question 9

activation of which adrenergic receptor will decrease levels of cAMP in target tissues?

Answer 9

D2 (dopamine 2)

Question 10

how to indirect acting drugs change neurotransmission?

Answer 10

change level of concentration of norepinephrine (or dopamine) at target receptors

Question 11

phenylephrine is mostly selective for what receptor?

Answer 11

alpha1

Question 12

we need to know what to know the pharmacodynamics of an adrenergic drug?

Answer 12

where receptors are located and effects of receptor activation

Question 13

what is tachyphylaxis?

Answer 13

accute (sudden) decrease in the response to a drug after its administration

Question 14

epinephrine has what effect on cardiac function?

Answer 14

increase force of contraction (positive ionotropic effect), HR, increase conduction velocity at AV node, Beta 1 receptors

Question 15

epinephrines effects on vascular tone varies because?

Answer 15

there are different types of receptors found in vascular beds:
skin/mucous membranes: alpha1
skeletal m.: alpha1 and beta2
renal, cerebral: D1 and alpha1

Question 16

epinephrine effect on respiratory system?

Answer 16

relax bronchial m. (beta 2), decrease bronchial secretion and congestion within mucosa (alpha 1)

Question 17

what does epinephrine cause in skeletal m.?

Answer 17

causes m. tremor (beta 2) — side effect!!

increases K+ uptake (beta 2)

Question 18

increase in K+ uptake by skeletal m. can cause what systemically?

Answer 18

hypokalemia and decrease K excretion by kidneys

Question 19

what does epinephrine do to fat cells?

Answer 19

increase free fatty levels in blood (Beta) due to increase lipolysis

Question 20

how does epinephrine elevate blood sugar?

Answer 20

enhances liver glycogenolysis (beta 2) and
inhibits insulin release (alpha 2 and beta 2)
– decreases skeletal m. use of glucose as well.

Question 21

norepinephrine lacks agonist effects on what kind of receptors?

Answer 21

beta 2

Question 22

NE does what to heart?

Answer 22

cardiac stimulant but reduces HR—> bradycardia

Question 23

norepinephrine has what efffect on vessels? why?

Answer 23

potent vasoconstrictor, does not have opposing Beta 2 vasodilation to offset (unlike epinephrine)

Question 24

what is blood pressure equal to?

Answer 24

BP= COx vascular resistance

Question 25

what does norepinephrine do to BP?

Answer 25

largely increase

Question 26

dopamine1 stimulation causes what?

Answer 26

vasodilation

Question 27

where are there high density D1 receptors?

Answer 27

renal, cerebral, mesenteric and coronary vessels

Question 28

activation of D2 receptor does what?

Answer 28

suppresses NE release

Question 29

at higher does dopamine causes what on heart?

Answer 29

activates B1 in heart

Question 30

even higher doses of dopamine cause what?

Answer 30

vascular (alpha1) AR--> vasoconstriction

Question 31

which acts primarily on receptors located on membrane of autonomic effector cell?

Answer 31

norepinephrine | has to be direct acting drug

Question 32

dilation of vessels in skeletal m., constriction of cutaneous vessels, and direct positive ionotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart are all actions of...?

Answer 32

epinephrine

Question 33

phenylephrine is what kind of drug?

Answer 33

alpha 1 agonist

Question 34

what effect does phenylephrine have on vessels?

Answer 34

increase in vasoconstriction and BP elevation

Question 35

phenylephrine causes activation of what reflex?

Answer 35

baroreflex

Question 36

clonidine activates what kinds of receptors?

Answer 36

alpha 2

Question 37

what does cloidine do in lower brainstem?

Answer 37

decreases sympathetic outflow, reduces BP, bradycardia

Question 38

local application of clonidine causes?

Answer 38

vasoconstriction

Question 39

where does clonidine act?

Answer 39

alpha 2 receptors pre-synaptically, decreases NE release | -- NE feedback on self (to alpha 2 receptor)

Question 40

what does clonidine do to NE levels with cardiovasular system?

Answer 40

decreases: alpha1- arterial smooth m.-- vasodilation beta 1- heart-- decreases HR and CO

Question 41

isoproterenol is what kind of agonist?

Answer 41

non-selective beta agonist

Question 42

what isoproterenol do in heart?

Answer 42

increase ionotropic and chronotropic action, increase CO

Question 43

main difference in isoproterenol and epinephrine?

Answer 43

isoproterenol does not activate alpha 1 receptors

Question 44

what is the result of alpha 1 activation with isoproterenol?

Answer 44

increase in systolic but drop in diastolic, mean arterial pressure drops too

Question 45

drop in blood pressure causes activation of what?

Answer 45

baroreflex--- leads to significant tachycardia

Question 46

dobutamine activates?

Answer 46

selective beta 1 (also found to have alpha 1 receptor activity, racemic mix that activates and antagonizes alpha 1)

Question 47

the alpha 1 activity of dobutamine causes what effect compared to isoproterenol?

Answer 47

less prominent chronotropic action

Question 48

what are the names for the beta2 selective agonists?

Answer 48

terbutaline, albuterol

Question 49

what can beta 2 agonists cause?

Answer 49

bronchodilation and relaxation of uterus

Question 50

phenyephrine causes what?

Answer 50

constriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa

Question 51

Adrenergic modulate what?

Answer 51

adrenergic transmission and control the function of sympathetic nervous system