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Block 6 Week 3 > Kozel: Survey of Medical Bacteriology > Flashcards

Kozel: Survey of Medical Bacteriology Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram-positive cocci in chains; beta hemolytic on blood agar; group specific carbohydrate; type specific protein M; numerous toxins, adhesins & antiphagocytic components; catalase negative, bacitracin sensitive, Group A antigen

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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2
Q

What are some disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A 
Pharyngitis
Scarlet fever
Pyoderma
Erysipelas
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Rheumatic heart disease
Acute glomerulonephritis
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3
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains; beta hemolytic; group specific cell wall carbohydrate (Group B), type specific antiphagocytic capsular polysaccharide; catalase negative, CAMP positive, group B antigen

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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4
Q

What are some diseases caused by streptococcus agalactiae?

A

major cause of meningitis in newborn
early onset neonatal disease
late onset neonatal disease
infection in adults

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5
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains; alpha hemolytic; antigenic typing - no carbohydrate antigen; catalase negative, optochin resistant

A

Viridans streptococci

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6
Q

What other alpha hemolytic bacteria must you differentiate Viridans streptococci from? How do you do so?

A

S. pneumoniae is catalase negative, optochin sensitive, and bile soluble

**Viridans streptococci is catalase negative, optochin RESISTANT

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7
Q

What are some diseases caused by Viridans streptococci?

A

endocarditis
bacteremia in neutropenic patients
dental caries

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8
Q

Lancet-shaped, gram positive cocci in pairs; alpha hemolytic; antigenic typing - antiphagocytic capsular polysaccharide

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

What kind of vaccine is used for streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

capsular polysaccharide or CPS-protein conjugate

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10
Q

What are some diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

pneumonia **most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
meningitis **very common cause of meningitis
bacteremia
sinusitis and otitis media

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11
Q

What is one risk factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection?

A

sickle cell disease

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12
Q

Gram positive cocci; antigenic typing - group D cell wall polysaccharide

A

enterococci

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13
Q

What are the two most important species of enterococci?

A

E. faecalis and E. faecium

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14
Q

What is unique about enterococci?

A

they are highly resistant to antibiotics ex: vancomycin

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15
Q

What are some diseases caused by enterococci?

A

UTI
wound infection
bacteremia and endocarditis

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16
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters; catalase positive, coagulase positive, protein A on surface

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

What makes Stapholococcus aureus virulent?

A

adhesive and antiphagocytic factors, toxins and enzymes

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18
Q

What is unique about MRSA?

A

MRSA = methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - altered penicillin binding protein, so penicillins cannot bind to their target - encoded by mecA gene

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19
Q

What are some suppurative (puss-forming) infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A 
impetigo
folliculitis
furuncles/boils
carbuncles
bacteremia
endocartidis
osteomyelitis
septic arthritis
pneumonia and empyema
brain absesses
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20
Q

What are some toxin-mediated infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A

food poisoning
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome

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21
Q

Gram positive cocci; catalase positive; coagulase-negative

A

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

**sort of a “catch all” group

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22
Q

What is the primary species of coagulase-negative staphylococci?

A

S. epidermidis

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23
Q

What makes coagulase-negative staphylococci, like S. epidermidis, virulent?

A

biofilm and extracellular polysaccharide

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24
Q

What are some diseases caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci?

A

endocarditis
catheter and shunt infections
UTIs

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25
What organism causes UTIs in young, sexually active women?
S. saprophyticus
26
Gram negative diplococci; outer surface with multiple virulence factors/antigens; diagnosis by nucleic acid amplification
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
27
What is the trouble with Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
it is resistant to most antibiotics!
28
What are some diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
gonorrhea - venereal disease disseminated infections ophthalmia neonatorum - occular infection acquired at birth
29
Gram-negative diplococci; antiphagocytic group-specific capsular polysaccharide; endotoxin produces inflammation
Neisseria meningitidis
30
What is used in the vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis?
capsular polysaccharide or CPS-protein conjugate
31
What diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitidis?
Meningitis in young adults | Meningococcemia - disseminated infection w petechia and purpura
32
What types of patients are susceptible to repeated meningitis attacks?
patients with deficiencies in terminal complement proteins
33
Aerobic, large gram-positive, spore-forming rod; capsular POLYPEPTIDE - poly-glutamic acid - antiphagocytic; three toxins
Bacillus anthracis
34
What are the three toxins released from bacillus anthracis?
protective antigen edema factor lethal factor
35
What is the treatment for anthrax infection?
ciprofloxacin
36
What are some diseases caused by bacillus anthracis?
cutaneous anthrax - black eschar formation GI anthrax - ulcers at site of invasion inhalation anthrax - non-specific signs followed by severe sepsis
37
Aerobic, large gram-positive spore-forming rod; ubiquitous in soil worldwide; two enterotoxins
Bacillus cereus
38
What are some diseases caused by bacillus cereus?
food poisoning - vomiting and diarrhea ocular infection - traumatic penetrating injury severe pulmonary disease
39
Aerobic, gram-positive, motile coccobacilli; facultative intracellular pathogen; grows at 4degrees C and contaminates food
Listeria monocytogenes
40
What is the treatment for listeria monocytogenes infection?
penicillin alone or with gentamycin
41
What are some diseases caused by listeria monocytogenes?
contaminated food or transplacental spread neonatal disease asymptomatic or influenza-like disease in adults can cause disease in utero or shortly after birth in pregnant women
42
Aerobic, thin, pleomorphic, gram-positive rods in filaments; zoonotic - colonizes pigs, turkeys, fish
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
43
What is the drug of choice for erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
penicillin
44
What are some diseases caused by erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
erysipeloid - painful, pruritic inflammatory skin lesion at site of trauma generalized cutaneous disease septicemia leading to endocarditis
45
Aerobic, pleomorphic gram-positive rods; diphtheria toxin; grows in a special media (ex: cystein-tellurite agar)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
46
What is the vaccine used against corynebacterium diphtheriae?
diphtheria toxoid
47
What diseases are caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae?
respiratory diphtheria | cutaneous diphtheria
48
Exudative pharyngitis evolving to pseudomembrane | Release of toxin to produce myocarditis and neurotoxicity
respiratory diphtheria
49
chronic, non-healing ulcer following contact with infected person
cutaneous diphtheria
50
Gram-negative; fermentative rod; normal flora of GI tract; 5 different pathogenic groups with distinct toxins
Escherichia coli
51
Diseases caused by Escherichia coli?
Gastroenteritis **most common cause of UTI neonatal meningitis septicemia
52
Gram-negative, non-fermenting rod; most infections via contaminated food like poultry or eggs; over 2500 O serotypes
Salmonella enterica **Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are highly adapted to humans
53
What diseases are caused by Salmonella enterica?
Gastroenteritis Septicemia Enteric fever - typhoid fever produced by S. Typhi Asymptomatic colonization - usu gallbladder
54
Gram-negative, non-fermenting rod; four species; shiga toxin damages intestinal epithelium - A-B toxin; humans are the only reservoir
Shigella spp.
55
What diseases are caused by Shigella spp?
shigellosis - gastroenteritis - watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever and bloody stools asymptomatic carries are reservoirs
56
Gram-negative rod; zoonotic - reservoirs are rats, squirrels, rabbits; Y. pestis found in fleas; large historical importance - 3 major pandemics
Yersinia spp.
57
What are some diseases caused by Yersinia spp?
Y. pestis is particularly virulent and causes plague (Bubonic plague - spread via fleas; Pneumonic plague - spread via aerosol) Y. entercolitica and Y. pseudoTB - enterocolitis following eating meat, milk, or water
58
Gram-negative, fermentative rod; encapsulated - antiphagocytic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
59
What are some diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?
pneumonia - usually in patients with impaired pulmonay defense UTI sepsis
60
Gram-negative rod, urease positive; motile - swarms on bacteria plates; urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, which makes for alkaline urine and leads to kidney stones
Proteus mirabilis
61
What disease is caused by Proteus mirabilis?
UTI with crystal formation
62
Gram-negative rod; red pigment; ubiquitous in damp areas
Serratia marcesens
63
What are some diseases caused by Serratia marcesens?
Nosocmial infection in neonates and compromised patients UTI Respiratory tract infection Wound infection
64
Gram-negative rod; >20 species; ubiquitous to fresh and brackish water
Aeromonas spp
65
What are some diseases caused by Aeromonas spp?
diarrheal disease in otherwise healthy people wound infection opportunistic systemic disease
66
Curved gram-negative rod; requires salt for growth; Cholera toxin; transmitted via consumption of contaminated food or water
Vibrio cholerae
67
What diseases are associated with Vibrio cholerae?
asymptomatic or self-limited diarrhea | watery diarrhea with rice water stool
68
Curved gram-negative rod; requires salt for growth; seen in estuarine and marine environments
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
69
What are the two most common diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
**most common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan and SE Asia **most common cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis in the US can also cause wound infection if exposed to contaminated water
70
Curved, gram-negative rod; requires salt for growth; Infection occurs via exposure to contaminated SALT WATER or ingestion of contaminated SHELLFISH; responsible for most Vibrio-related deaths in the US
Vibrio vulnificus
71
What diseases are caused by Vibrio vulnificus?
septicemia after consuming raw oysters | wound infection after exposure to contaminated water

Block 6 Week 3 (6 decks)

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