KQ2: What is the relationship between energy use and economic development? Flashcards
More economic development leads to…
- More disposable income to spend on energy consuming products
- Increased demand from (more) industries
- Improved transport so more demand for diesel, petrol etc.
- Increased demand from agriculture: mechanisation
more energy production leads to
- Increased foreign exchange earnings and foreign investment
- More employment
- Improved transport
- Growth of industries supplying energy industry e.g. construction
Energy demand from emerging economies is due to
- Increasing access to electric power
- More population = higher electricity demand
- Living standard expectation rise = more demand from existing consumers
- Increasing car ownership= manufacturing and petrol increase
- Increase in manufacturing industry
- Increase in construction which relies on concrete, which alone is responsible for 6% of global CO2 emissions
- Increasing heating and air conditioning
Benefits of better access to energy resources
- Better quality of life
- Health improvements: reduced indoor air pollution from biomass fuels which provide insufficient cooking
- Empowerment of the poor: access to communication means people are better informed and more independent, and can educate themselves e.g. farmers with agricultural prices
- Increased income: mechanisation = more productivity
Energy use remains low in LEDCs because
- Poverty = low disposable income for consumer products
- Limited government finance so they can’t afford to import fossil fuels
- Distribution and supply routes of fuels can be disrupted by conflict
- Low taxation rate/corrupt so do not invest in energy demanding industries e.g. hospitals, schools
- 2 billion people lack access to electricity
where is mali
landlocked country in western africa
popuation of mali
13 million
how many are under 15’s in mali
48%
GDP per capita of Mali
$1,200
mali HDI
0.34
% of primary jobs in mali
80%
% of industry/service jobs in mali
20%
% of desert in mali
north is 65% desert
energy mix in mali: OIL + PETROL %
14%
energy mix in mali: TRADITIONAL SOURCES (wood) %
85%
energy mix in mali: ELECTRICITY %
1%
what % of the population have access to energy in mali?
17%
where does domestic energy come from?
wood fire/charcoal stoves
why are traditional sources bad?
cause deforestation
cause respiratory problems
rate of deforestation in mali
1% of 10% of malis forested land
does mali have any fossil fuel reserves
no, reliant on petroleum imports from neighbouring countries such as senegal or guinea.
what are problems with importing fuel into mali
- expensive
2. bad relations with neighbours so supply is unreliable
how much of malis trade balance is petroleum
8%
1973-2008 uk energy mix: COAL
65% –> 35%
