KQ4: Textbook Flashcards
(37 cards)
Why did hitler want to control the hearts and minds of young people?
Controlling young people meant control of the future.
What roles did the nazis want for men and women.
Men- go to work, fight in war if necessary.
Women- stay at home cooking and cleaning, looking after babies.
When was the hitler youth founded?
1922
When was membership of the hitler youth made compulsory?
1936
What percentage of young people were members of the hitler youth when the nazis were in power?
80%
What were the activities of the hitler youth?
Swore an oath of loyalty to hitler.
Physical activities and listening to propaganda.
Boys wore uniforms, went on marches, did drill and played war games.
Girls in the BDM kept fit and were taught cooking, sewing, washing and looking after children.
What evidence is there that the hitler youth was not a success?
Even when membership was compulsory, some never joined in and others who were forced to go hated it, especially the long speeches and repetitive physical activity.
Some rebelled against nazi ideas by joining the Swing Youth movement- listened and danced to swing music, wore english style fashions, girls wore make up and boys had long hair, met in ‘swing clubs’ during the war and greeted one another with ‘Heil Benny’.
What percentage of teachers were members of the Nazi Teacher’s League?
97%
What did hitler say about the school curriculum in 1939?
“I will have no intellectual training. Knowledge is to ruin my young men.”
What did the nazi Germany school curriculum consist of?
Physical education was emphasised more that knowledge, and there were three double PE lessons every week.
Boys learned to box whilst girls were taught home-making and childcare.
German history was taught from 1919 onwards and was rewritten to support nazi ideas (e.g. The unfairness of the T of V and the wickedness of Jews and communists).
Maths had a twist (e.g. Calculating the cost of looking after the mentally ill).
What are the three K’s?
Kinder- children
Küche- kitchen
Kirche- church
How did the nazis expect women to behave?
No high heels or trousers
No makeup
No permed or dyed hair
Do not smoke
How did the nazis make women conform to their ideas?
AT WORK- state workers sacked and couldn’t be doctors or teachers.
BLOCK WARDENS- reported women not following nazi ideas and encouraged good nazis to challenge those that dressed fashionably or smoked, making it difficult to do so in public.
PROPAGANDA- leaflets, newspapers, films, etc.
MEDALS- gold for 8, silver for 6 and bronze for 4.
STERILISATION- unhealthy women (even deaf and colourblind) were prevented from having children.
AT SCHOOL- lessons in cooking and childcare.
MARRIED COUPLES GOT LOANS- only if wife wasn’t working. More children meant they had to pay less back.
What evidence is there to suggest that nazi policies about women were not a success?
Many didn’t want to give up their job, and the no of Woking women rose because the economy was doing well.
Many employers preferred women to work in their factories as they were cheaper than men.
Confusion during war: women called to work but also told that they had to have 4 children regardless of marital status.
What did what life was like in nazi Germany depend on?
WHO YOU WERE. If you fitted in with nazi ideals or not.
WHEN YOU LIVED. The peacetime years of 1933-39 were different to the war years.
What was the average birth per thousand in 1900, 1933, 1934 and 1939?
1900- 35.8
1933- 14.7
1934- 18
1939- 20.4
Who were the big gainers in nazi germany?
LOYAL NAZIS who got the best jobs and houses.
WORKERS and BUSINESSMEN who benefitted from the nazi economic policies and reduced unemployment.
What were the nazi economic policies?
Reducing unemployment
Making Germany self-sufficient (e.g. By making oil from coal)- this failed.
Encourage new industries such as electrics and medicines. There were some great successes such as jet engines and televisions.
How were the nazis able to reduce unemployment from 5.5 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1938?
BUILDING THE ARMED FORCES: increased armed forces from 100,000 in 1919 to 1,400,000. All men aged 18-25 had to do two years army service.
REARMING GERMANY: jobs created in factories that produces weapons and equipment. Iron, steel and coal production rose rapidly.
BUILDING PROGRAMME: Autobahns, schools, houses and hospitals were built all over Germany.
SACKING COMMUNISTS AND JEWS: nazi opponents couldn’t work and couldn’t claim unemployment benefit. Women were also sacked.
What were the benefits of nazi economic policies?
WORKERS had the ‘Strength Through Joy’ movement which provided hard workers and loyal nazis with perks (ie. cinema tickets and family holidays), and the nazis organised better facilities in factories.
FARMERS were guaranteed food prices and security if they fell behind on their rent.
BUSINESSMEN AND FACTORY OWNERS gained increased profits as workers were not allowed to strike, wages fell and working hours increased. The government spent money on factory-made goods.
What were the drawbacks of the nazi economic policies?
- Trade unions were banned, DAF instead.
- No worker rights, strikes were illegal and no one could leave a job without government permission.
- Wages fell and working hours increased
- Workers paid 5 marks a week in advance for a Volkswagen car which they never got.
- Farming stayed old fashioned and inefficient.
- Price of food rose, which hit factory workers hard (reduced wages).
- Small businesses and small shops lost out in competition with big businesses.
Who might’ve been persecuted, rounded up, imprisoned, sent to a concentration camp or killed in nazi germany?
Homeless and beggars Physically disabled or mentally ill Homosexuals Socialists or communists Jehovah's Witnesses Ethnic or religious minorities such as black, Gypsy or Jewish.
What measures did the nazis take against Jews between 1933 and 1939?
1933- Jews banned from certain jobs: judges, teachers, civil servants and lawyers.
1935- Nuremburg Laws: Jews could not be German citizens and could not marry Aryans.
1936- Jews could not own typewriters to prevent them from spreading their ideas in letters or articles.
1938- Jews banned from being doctors, running their own business, and from going to state schools, cinemas and swimming pools.
1938- Kristallnacht (nov)
1939- Jews could not be nurses or dentists and had to hand over jewellery, gold and silver to the police. A curfew was enforced.
Describe what happened on Kristallnacht.
In November 1938, a jewish man shot dead a German diplomat in Paris. In retaliation, nazi leaders encouraged supporters to attack and smash up Jewish businesses, homes and synagogues.
After 2 nights, 91 Jews had died.
Afterwards, 30,000 Jews were arrested and taken to concentration camps.
