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SON111 Writing Assignments > Kreamkau Chapter 4 - Key Terms > Flashcards

Kreamkau Chapter 4 - Key Terms Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

A mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents echo amplitude versus depth

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2
Q

Amplification

A

the process by which small voltages are increased to larger ones

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3
Q

Amplifer

A

a device that accomplishes amplification

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4
Q

Analog

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by proportional continuous wave

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5
Q

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

A

A device that converts voltage amplitude to a number

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6
Q

B Mode

A

Mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer

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7
Q

B Scan

A

A B-mode image that represents an anatomic cross-section through the scanning plane

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8
Q

Bandpass filter

A

Function of the signal processor. Filter that passes a range of frequencies (its bandwidth) and rejects those above and below the acceptance bandwidth

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9
Q

Beam former

A

The part of an instrument that accomplishes electronic beam scanning, apodization, steering, focusing, and aperture with arrays

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10
Q

Bistable

A

Having two possible states (e.g., on or off, white or black, one or zero)

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11
Q

Bit

A

Bit Binary digit; one or zero

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12
Q

Channel

A

A single one- or two-way path for transmitting electric signals, in distinction from other parallel paths; an independent transmission delay line and transducer element path; an independent reception transducer element, amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, and delay line path

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13
Q

Cine loop

A

Sequential display of all the frames stored in memory at a controllable frame rate

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14
Q

Coed excitation

A

A sophisticated form of transmission in which the driving voltage pulses have intrapulse variations in amplitude, frequency, and/or pulse

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15
Q

Comensation

A

Equalization of received echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths

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16
Q

Compression

A

Reduction in differences between small and large amplitudes. Region of high density and pressure in a compressional wave

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17
Q

Contrast Resolution

A

Ability of a gray-scale display to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensities

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18
Q

Demodulation

A

Detection

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19
Q

Depth Gain Compensation

A

Equalization of received echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths

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20
Q

Detection

A

Conversion of voltage pulses from radio frequency to video form

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21
Q

Digital

A

Digital Related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by numeric digits

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22
Q

Digital to Analog Converter

A

A device that converts a number to a proportional voltage amplitude

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23
Q

Display

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A

A device that presents a visual image derived from voltages received from an image processor

24
Q

Dynamic range

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A

Ratio (in decibels) of largest to smallest power that a system can handle; ratio of the largest to smallest intensity of echoes encountered

25
Elastography
Imaging tissue stiffness by tracking movement under mechanical stress
26
Flat-panel display
A back-lighted rectangular matrix of thousands of liquid crystal display elements
27
Frame
A single image produced by one complete scan of the sound beam
28
Frame rate
Number of frames of echo information stored each second
29
Freeze-frame
Constant display of one of the frames in memory
30
Gain
Ratio (in decibels) of amplifier output to input electric power
31
Gray scale
Range of brightnesses (gray levels) between white and black
32
Image memory
The part of the image processor where echo information is stored in image format
33
Image Processor
An electronic device that manipulates and prepares images for visual presentation
34
Lateral gain control
Gain controls that enable different gain values to be applied laterally across an image to compensate for differing attenuation values in different anatomic regions
35
M Mode
A B-mode presentation of changing reflector position (motion) vs time
36
Panoramic imaging
The extension of the field of view beyond the normal limits of a transducer scan plane
37
Persistence
Averaging sequential frames together
38
Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS)
The system provides means for electronically communicating images and associated information to work stations and devices external to the sonographic instrument, the examining room, and even the building in which the scanning is done
39
Pixel
Picture element; the unit into which imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument
40
Postprocessing
Image processing done after storage in the memory
41
Preprocessing
Signal and image processing accomplished before storage in the memory
42
Radio frequency (RF)
Voltages representing echoes in cyclic form
43
Real-time
Imaging with a rapid frame sequence display
44
Real-time display
A display that, with a sufficient frame rate, appears to image moving structures or a changing scan plane continuously
45
Refresh rate
The number of times each second that information is sent from the image memory to the display. The number of times per second that a computer monitor redraws the information found in the memory`
46
Scan line
A line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body. A sonographic image is composed of many such lines
47
Scanning
The sweeping of a sound beam through the anatomy to produce an image
48
Shear wave (transverse wave)
A sound wave in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
49
Signal
Information-bearing voltages in an electric circuit; an acoustic, visual, electric, or other conveyance of information. The physical representation of a message or information
50
Signal processor
An electronic device that manipulates electric signals in preparation for appropriate presentation of information contained in them
51
Spatial compounding
Averaging of frames that view the anatomy from different angles
52
Strain
The increase or decrease of the length of a segment of a material, subjected to a stress, divided by its original length
53
Stress
A force per unit area applied to a material that compresses or stretches it
54
Temporal resolution
Ability to distinguish closely spaced events in time; improves with increased frame rate
55
TGC
Equalization of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths
56
Volume imaging
Three-dimensional imaging
57
Young's modulus
A measure of the hardness (stiffness) of a material. It is the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting strain in a material subjected to the stress

SON111 Writing Assignments (7 decks)

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