kt1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
how did they live in the Plains?
adaption-using the resources available to them
herds of buffalo-provided them with all the necessities to survive for example their tipis were made out of buffalo
horses-made it easy for them to hunt the buffalo and so were considered the most valuable possession
they were so important that they were the equivalent to money
how did they use the buffalo?
skull: religious ceremonies
bones:for arrowheads, knives,tools
tongue:was classed as a delicacy and was used as a hairbrush
fat:was used in cooking and was used for soap
skin:was used for tipis
the beliefs of the indigenous peoples:
believed that everything had a spirit-spirits happiness or unhappiness affected daily life
buffalo dance-thanking the buffalo for its gifts, ensuring the hunt was a good success
wakan tanka-created the world and everything in it
the spirits could also be contacted through visions
features of the tipis:
the conical shape is made to withstand wind
would be portable as could be packed away in 10 minutes
women in tribes:
they were responsible for tasks like cooking, preparing meals and looking after the home
bear and rear children-learnt the skills that they would use when they were an adult
they also made clothing and other essential items
women were skilled craftspeople
Some tribes were matrilineal, meaning descent and inheritance were traced through the female line, giving women significant power within their families and communities
pull factors for westward migration:
1842: a farmer only had to squat on a piece of land in Oregon and cut down trees to be able to pay a quarter of the original price
Farming and ranching:The fertile land and good climate in the West in states like Oregon and California
propaganda:Good reports came back from people who had already moved to the Plains, making them sound inviting for example Dr John Marsh in 1846
what was manifest destiny?
it was the belief that America had the ‘god given’ right and duty to expand American westward
what were some of the push factors for going to westward?
1837-banks collapsed and there was massive unemployment and a large drop of grain
life out west could not be any worse than life in the east
was very overcrowded in the cities of the east
1843-year of the great emigration
by 1850 55 thousand people per year were seeking for great fortune
mormons:
it was founded by Jospeh Smith in New York State in the 1820s
Smith was an inspiring speaker and it did not take long for him to gather a large number of followers. They were not popular in the east.
Smith was killed by a mob=new leader Brigham Young decided to move the Mormon community west to Utah where they could practise their belief without any interference
(Salt Lake City)
Oregon trail 1836
2000 mile from the east to the west coast
The year 1836 marked the first time covered wagons, pulled by horses, made the trek from Missouri to Oregon.
California gold rush 1849
was a mass migration to California in search of gold as it was first discovered in 1848
James Marshall-Sierra Nevada mountains
California’s population grew dramatically from around 15,000 in 1848 to 300,000 by 1855 due to the gold rush
what was the Donner party?
it was a group of American pioneers who embarked on a westward migration to California in 1846
led by George Donner and James Reed
challenges that faced the Donnor party
what was the California trail?
it was a major westward migration route used between 1841 and 1849
what year was gold first discovered in California?
1848
who discovered the gold and where?
-James Marshall
- Sutter’s mill
-January 1848
who were the Forty-Niners?
they were the prospectors who rushed to California in 1849 seeking to find the gold which was discovered in 1848.
majority were men but some women and children did join
came from diverse backgrounds including Europe,China and South America
population boom and economic growth:
-lead to a dramatic increase in the population of California
-which spurred economic growth as new businesses and industries
The permanent Indian Frontier
1830-it was decided to relocate all native Americans west of the Mississippi River
they are told that this land was theirs forever
explained as a huge reservation-big enough to support the Native Americans way of life
by around 1840-100,000 relocated
Indian removal act
1830
President Jackson
forcibly removed all tribal groups of Native Americans living in the east
Trial of Tears
Cherokee force-marched 1838
roughly a third of the 15,000 people died
journey to the west -trail of tears
Indian appropriations act 1851
the aim was to push the native Americans onto smaller reservations
expected to sacrifice their traditional way of life
The fort Laramie treaty 1851
plain Indians and eastern tribes relocated moved across the permanent Indian frontier-
encountered more and more white settlers-disrupted the buffalo herds and spread many diseases
many
