Kubernetes

Question 1

What is Kubernetes?

Answer 1

An open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

Question 2

What is a Pod?

Answer 2

The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, which can contain one or more containers, storage resources, a unique network
IP, and options that govern how the container(s) should run.

Question 3

What is a Node?

Answer 3

A physical or virtual machine in a Kubernetes cluster that runs pods.

Question 4

What is the Master Node?

Answer 4

The control plane component that manages the cluster and its states.

Question 5

What does kubectl do?

Answer 5

A command-line interface tool to interact with the Kubernetes API server.

Question 6

What is etcd?

Answer 6

A key-value store used to store Kubernetes cluster configuration and state.

Question 7

What is the Scheduler?

Answer 7

Assigns pods to available nodes based on resource availability.

Question 8

What is the Controller Manager?

Answer 8

Manages various controllers that handle routine tasks.

Question 9

What is the Kubelet?

Answer 9

agent handles the control plane’s instructions to run containers, reports back to API.

Question 10

What is a Deployment?

Answer 10

a Deployment is a higher-level object that manages and automates the creation, update, and scaling of a group of identical Pods (your running containers).

Question 11

What is a Service in Kubernetes?

Answer 11

An abstraction that defines a logical set of pods and a policy to access them.

allow us to create a unique, persistent IP address and domain
name for a deployment.

Question 12

What is a Namespace?

Answer 12

A way to divide Kubernetes cluster resources into distinct virtual clusters, providing isolation.

Question 13

What is a ConfigMap?

Answer 13

A way to inject configuration data into pods.

Question 14

What is a Secret?

Answer 14

Similar to ConfigMap but used for storing sensitive data like passwords or keys.

Question 15

What is a Volume?

Answer 15

A storage mechanism used to persist data across pod restarts.

Question 16

What is an Ingress?

Answer 16

Manages external access to services, typically HTTP.

Question 17

What is a NetworkPolicy?

Answer 17

Defines rules to control traffic between pods.

Question 18

What is a StatefulSet?

Answer 18

Manages deployment and scaling of stateful applications.

Question 19

What is the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)?

Answer 19

Automatically adjusts the number of pods in a deployment based on metrics.

Question 20

What are Taints and Tolerations?

Answer 20

Mechanisms to prevent or allow pods from being scheduled on specific nodes.

Question 21

What is Affinity/Anti-Affinity?

Answer 21

Rules to influence pod placement in a cluster based on pod/node attributes.

Question 22

What is Helm?

Answer 22

A package manager that helps manage Kubernetes applications using charts.

Question 23

What does ‘expose’ mean in kubernetes?

Answer 23

make a pod or deployment reachable via a Kubernetes Service

or Create a Service that allows other components (internal or external)

Question 24

What is an avaliability zone?

Answer 24

geographic locations hosting data centres, physically separated with different power grids to reduce single points of failure, and typically interconnected with high-bandwidth networking

Question 25

What is high avaliability ?

Answer 25

systems aim to maintain an agreed level of operational performance (like uptime) through unexpected events (hardware failures, power outages, network issues)

Question 26

How is High Availability achieved

Answer 26

Replication + running replicas across AVs.

Question 27

What does the API server do?

Question 28

Define RESTful services

Answer 28

- uses HTTP methods for CRUD operations - rest is stateless - resources are identified via URIs (web addresses), accessed, and manipulated using standard HTTP methods.

Question 29

What information does the cluster store hold?

Answer 29

Kubernetes objects like pods, Services, Deployments and their current state.

Question 30

What do controllers do?

Answer 30

perform the task of watching the state of the cluster and making changes to the cluster to bring the current state closer to the desired state, as specified by the API Server.

Question 31

Examples of controllers?

Answer 31

* The Deployment Controller * The StatefulSet Controller * The ReplicaSet Controller

Question 32

What tasks does the kubelet do?

Answer 32

* It watches the API server for new tasks. * It delegates these tasks to the container runtime(s). * It reports the status of tasks back to the API server.

Question 33

What is SSH?

Answer 33

a network protocol that lets you securely access and control another computer over a network (typically over the internet or your local LAN).

Question 34

what is minikubes container runttime?

Answer 34

docker

Question 35

why are pause containers used?

Answer 35

Kubernetes uses pause containers to allow for worker containers crashing or restarting without losing any of the networking configuration.

Question 36

What is a service mesh?

Answer 36

a dedicated infrastructure layer added to Kubernetes clusters that provides capabilities like observability, traffic management, and security without modifying application code

Question 37

What is the difference between ReplicaSet and Deployment?

Answer 37

idk