Kuchera required Cranial reading

Question 1

3 factors essential for cranial articular motion

Answer 1

plastic resiliency (mobile in the sutures)
Resiliency of contiguous bones (mobile)
unrestricted movement of dural membranes (reciprocal tension)

Question 2

Flexion

Answer 2

occiput rotates about a transverse axis directly superior to the foramen magnum at the level of the confluence of sinuses

basilar part and condyles move anteriorly and superiorly, squama moves posteriorly and laterally

Sphenoid rotates on a transverse axis through the center of the body at teh level of the floor of the sella turcica. Greater wings move forward, slightly laterally and inferiorly

Sacral base moves posteriorly and apex moves anteriorly about transverse axis through second sacral segment

Question 3

Findings in flexion dysfunction

Answer 3

restricted in extension

increased head diameter in transverse dimension

forehead wide and sloping

eyes prominent

paired bones externally rotated

Ears protruding

Question 4

Findings in extension dysfunction

Answer 4

restricted in flexion

increased head diamter in longitudinal dimension

forehead vertical
Eyes receded

paired bones internally rotated

ears close to head

Question 5

torsion

Answer 5

sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions. Named for the side of the high wing of the sphenoid

temporal and parietal- relative external rotation on the side of the torsion

mandible shifted toward the side fo the torsion

orbit- smaller on the side of the torsion

Question 6

sidebending

Answer 6

occurs by rotation around 2 vertical axes, one through the center of the body of the sphenoid and the other through the center of the foramen magnum

sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions, causing side-bending

Named for the side of the convexity

Temporal and parietal bones externally rotated on convex side

Question 7

rotation

Answer 7

occurs on same axis as torsion, but sphenoid and occiput rotate in same direction. Rotate toward side of the convexity.

Question 8

what are non-physiologic motion patterns?

Answer 8

strains

Question 9

vertical strain

Answer 9

named according to position of basisphenoid.

Question 10

lateral strain

Answer 10

side-to-side shearing of the sphenobasilar symphysis

both bones rotate in the same direction

head may take on shape of parallelogram

asymmetric findings

Question 11

compression of sphenobasilar symphysis

Answer 11

pressure or trauma to front of head/ face or back of head, or entire periphery

rigid feeling cranium