L 1 Introduction

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Study of genes, heredity and genetic variation in living organisms. Generally considered biology however spans many of the life sciences

Question 2

Molecular Genetics

Answer 2

Studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level

Question 3

Why is the study of genetics important

Answer 3

Genes…

Influence our lives
Contribute to personality
Fundamental to who and what we are

Question 4

Baby genes newborn screening panel

Answer 4

Must be ordered by a physician, screens about 100 genes that are not on the normal screening panel

Question 5

Reasons not to edit the human germline

Answer 5

Still issues with safety, efficacy and delivery, must assess the debate of various people involved, moral reasons

Question 6

Reasons for editing the human genome

Answer 6

No more risky than natural sexual selection, rid certain disease

Question 7

Luxturna

Answer 7

A genetically modified virus that ferries a healthy gene into the eyes of patients born with retinal dystrophy

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

Complete set of genetic instructions for any organism, can be RNA or DNA, coding system for genomic information

Question 9

Transmission genetics

Answer 9

Classical genetics, how traits are passed from one generation to the next

Question 10

Molecular Genetics

Answer 10

Studies gene structure, function, and regulation

Question 11

Population genetics

Answer 11

The study of the genetic composition of groups and how gene frequency changes geographically or with time (evolution)

Question 12

Population genetics and epidemiology

Answer 12

Analyzes the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease in defined populations

Question 13

Model genetic organisms

Answer 13

Organisms with characteristics that make them useful for genetic analysis

Question 14

Most common model organisms

Answer 14

Fruit fly (Drosphilia), E. Coli, C. Elegans, Arabidopsis, Mus musculus, Sachamomyces (yeast), Danio rerio (zebrafish)

Question 15

Traits beneficial in model organisms

Answer 15

Short generation time, produces numerous progeny, ability to carry out controlled genetic crosses, ability to be reared in a laboratory environment, availability of numerous genetic variants, vast body of knowledge of genetic systems

Question 16

Why are model organisms useful

Answer 16

Because of the basic similarity among all living things

Question 17

First multicellular organism to have entire genome sequenced

Answer 17

C. elegan

Question 18

Germ-plasm theory

Answer 18

All cells contain a complete set of genetic information

Question 19

Cell theory

Answer 19

All life is composed of cells and cells arise only from cells

Question 20

Mendelian inheritance

Answer 20

Traits are inherited in accord with defined principles

Question 21

Pangenesis

Answer 21

Incorrect theory that states genetic information travels from different parts of the body to the reproductive organs

Question 22

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 22

Incorrect theory that states that traits used more often are placed into the genetic information and ones that are not are lost

Question 23

Preformation

Answer 23

Incorrect theory that states miniature organisms resides in sex cells and all traits are inherited from a single parent

Question 24

Blending inheritance

Answer 24

Incorrect theory that states genes blend and mix

Question 25

Homunculus

Answer 25

A fully formed human that is found in the egg or sperm, associated with preformation theory of genetics

Question 26

Lamarkianism

Answer 26

if an organism changes over the course of its life and those traits are passed to the next generation

Question 27

Weismann

Answer 27

In 1892 postulated the theory of germ plasm

Question 28

Gregor Mendel

Answer 28

Principles of heredity

Question 29

Schleiden and Schwann

Answer 29

Cell theory

Question 30

Flemming

Answer 30

Chromosomes

Question 31

Darwin

Answer 31

Evolution

Question 32

Sutton

Answer 32

Genes are located on the chromosomes

Question 33

Human Genome Project

Answer 33

The first sequencing of the entire human genome, published in April of 2003