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Question 1

What are the four economic sectors?

Answer 1

• Primary (agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing)
• Secondary (manufacturing)
• Tertiary (retail, services, office work)
• Quaternary (scientific research, ICT)

Each sector represents different types of economic activity and employment opportunities.

Question 2

What type of employment is more common in rural areas?

Answer 2

Primary employment in farming, mining, quarrying, and fishing

These jobs tend to be low-paid, manual work.

Question 3

Where is secondary employment more concentrated in the UK?

Answer 3

Northern cities such as Manchester, Sheffield, and Glasgow

However, this employment has declined over time.

Question 4

In the tertiary sector, what types of jobs can be found?

Answer 4

Jobs range from cleaners on minimum wage to high-paid professionals like lawyers

The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector.

Question 5

Where are quaternary jobs primarily located?

Answer 5

London and the South East

These jobs include research and development and hi-tech industries.

Question 6

What percentage of the workforce in Great Britain worked in the secondary sector in 1841?

Answer 6

36%

This reflects the historical economic structure of the country.

Question 7

In England and Wales in 2011, what percentage of the workforce was employed in the tertiary sector?

Answer 7

81%

This shows a significant shift in employment sectors over time.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Economic activity can be classified by _______ and by type of employment.

Answer 8

sector

The classification includes primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors.

Question 9

What are the different types of employment classifications mentioned?

Answer 9

• Part-time/full-time
• Temporary/permanent
• Employed/self-employed

These classifications highlight the diversity of employment types within the economy.

Question 10

True or False: The primary sector generally offers high-paid jobs.

Answer 10

False

Primary sector jobs are typically low-paid and manual.

Question 11

What has been the trend in employment in the secondary sector in the UK?

Answer 11

Decline over time

This trend is particularly evident in northern cities.

Question 12

How many workers were there in the UK in 2015?

Answer 12

32 million workers

This includes both employed and unemployed individuals.

Question 13

What was the unemployment rate in the UK in 2015?

Answer 13

5.6%

This corresponds to 1.85 million unemployed individuals.

Question 14

What are the three main types of workers?

Answer 14

• Those with contracts (permanent or fixed)
• Workers (agency staff and volunteers)
• Self-employed (freelancers, consultants, and contractors)

These categories encompass the different employment arrangements in the labor market.

Question 15

How many workers had full-time contracts in 2015?

Answer 15

18.4 million workers

This indicates a significant portion of the workforce was employed full-time.

Question 16

How many workers had part-time contracts in 2015?

Answer 16

9 million workers

This reflects a growing trend in part-time employment.

Question 17

What is the Quinary Sector?

Answer 17

The highest levels of decision making in an economy, including top business executives and officials in various fields

It is concentrated in STEM employment and plays a crucial role in the knowledge economy.

Question 18

What areas in the UK are known for prosperity in the Quinary Sector?

Answer 18

• Cambridge triangle
• M4 corridor
• London

These regions benefit from the growth of knowledge-based industries.

Question 19

How is social class changing in relation to employment sectors?

Answer 19

Social class is being replaced by level of education and skills

This shift reflects the increasing importance of education in accessing job opportunities.

Question 20

What is personal mobility more dependent on?

Answer 20

Access and opportunities for training

This allows individuals from working-class families to access higher-paid and skilled jobs.

Question 21

Where do university graduates often settle?

Answer 21

In the place they were trained

This trend can impact local economies and labor markets.

Question 22

Which places in the UK are considered ‘winners’ in terms of growth employment sectors?

Answer 22

• Manchester
• London
• M4 corridor

These areas benefit from economic opportunities and job growth.

Question 23

Which area is considered a ‘loser’ in terms of economic opportunities?

Answer 23

Cornwall

This region faces marginalization and deprivation.

Question 24

What percentage of land do larger cities in the UK occupy?

Answer 24

9% of land

Despite this small percentage, they hold a significant portion of the population and jobs.

Question 25

What percentage of the UK population lives in larger cities?

Answer 25

54% of people ## Footnote This highlights the urban concentration of the population.

Question 26

What percentage of jobs are located in larger cities in the UK?

Answer 26

60% of jobs ## Footnote Larger cities are economic hubs with a majority of job opportunities.

Question 27

What is the gender pay gap in the UK?

Answer 27

On average, men are paid 10% more than women ## Footnote This gap has been narrowing over time.

Question 28

What are zero-hours contracts?

Answer 28

Contracts for casual piece work or on-call work with no obligations either way ## Footnote These contracts can lead to job insecurity for workers.

Question 29

What is the National Living Wage (NLW)?

Answer 29

A wage that must be paid, launched in April 2016 ## Footnote It is increasingly adopted by companies like Wetherspoon's and McDonald's.

Question 30

What was made a criminal offense in 2015 regarding illegal working?

Answer 30

Illegal working was made a criminal offense ## Footnote This crackdown targets the black market relying on illegal migrant workers.

Question 31

Which sectors often have low pay for temporary and seasonal work?

Answer 31

* Tourism * Agriculture ## Footnote Workers in these sectors may face poor pay and working conditions.

Question 32

What are the population sizes of Reading and Middlesbrough?

Answer 32

Both have around 170,000 people ## Footnote Reading is in southern England, while Middlesbrough is in northeast England.

Question 33

Which urban area has more professionals, Reading or Middlesbrough?

Answer 33

Reading has more than twice the number of professionals ## Footnote This includes categories such as lawyers and doctors.

Question 34

In terms of skilled trades, which area has more workers?

Answer 34

Middlesbrough has far more skilled traders ## Footnote Reading has fewer skilled traders compared to Middlesbrough.

Question 35

What percentage of people in Reading are employed in management roles?

Answer 35

9.2% ## Footnote This is higher than the percentage in Middlesbrough.

Question 36

What percentage of people in Middlesbrough are employed in professional and technical roles?

Answer 36

16.1% ## Footnote This indicates a lower representation compared to Reading.

Question 37

What percentage of people are employed in caring, leisure, and other services in Reading?

Answer 37

7.6% ## Footnote This is lower than the percentage in Middlesbrough.

Question 38

What is the percentage of manual workers in Middlesbrough?

Answer 38

16.7% ## Footnote This is significantly higher compared to Reading's 9.6%.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The percentage of people in Reading employed in administrative roles is _____

Answer 39

10.2%

Question 40

True or False: Reading has a higher percentage of people working in sales and customer services compared to Middlesbrough.

Answer 40

False ## Footnote Middlesbrough has 12.2%, while Reading has 8.1%.

Question 41

What is a characteristic of the workforce in Reading compared to Middlesbrough?

Answer 41

Higher pay and higher level of education ## Footnote Indicates a disparity in job quality and educational attainment.

Question 42

What is the average hourly pay for a male worker in Middlesbrough in 2015?

Answer 42

£12.50 ## Footnote This is compared to £14.80 in Reading.

Question 43

What is the average weekly earnings for a full-time worker in Reading?

Answer 43

£605 ## Footnote In Middlesbrough, the average is £532.

Question 44

What percentage of people in Reading are economically active?

Answer 44

66% ## Footnote This is compared to 54% in Middlesbrough.

Question 45

What is the per person CVA in Reading?

Answer 45

£34,000 ## Footnote In Middlesbrough, it is £17,000.

Question 46

What does Gross Value Added (CVA) measure?

Answer 46

Economic output ## Footnote It reflects the value of goods and services produced per person.

Question 47

In 2014, what percentage of people in Middlesbrough had no educational qualifications?

Answer 47

22.5% ## Footnote In Reading, this figure was 11.5%.

Question 48

What percentage of people had a University level qualification in Reading in 2014?

Answer 48

43% ## Footnote In Middlesbrough, this was only 19%.

Question 49

How much do manual workers earn in Middlesbrough?

Answer 49

About £350 a week ## Footnote In Reading, professional workers earn about £700 a week.

Question 50

What type of employment is more common in Middlesbrough?

Answer 50

Temporary, low paid, and 'zero-hours contract' work ## Footnote This contributes to lower job and income security.

Question 51

What is the life expectancy for a male born in Middlesbrough in 2014?

Answer 51

77 years ## Footnote In Reading, the life expectancy is 81 years.

Question 52

What percentage of long term sick and disabled individuals is found in Middlesbrough?

Answer 52

7% ## Footnote In Reading, this percentage is 3%.

Question 53

What are distinctive demographic characteristics of towns reflected in?

Answer 53

Employment trends, land-use patterns, and levels of inequality and deprivation

Question 54

What percentage of Reading's residents were in the 20-44 age category?

Answer 54

41%

Question 55

What percentage of Middlesbrough's population is over 60?

Answer 55

19%

Question 56

In 2011, what percentage of Reading's residents were white British?

Answer 56

65%

Question 57

What percentage of Middlesbrough's residents were white British in 2011?

Answer 57

86%

Question 58

What does greater ethnic diversity in Reading suggest?

Answer 58

A more successful place that has attracted economic migrants

Question 59

What was the percentage of people in England and Wales who were white in 2011?

Answer 59

86%

Question 60

What was the population growth percentage in urban areas compared to rural areas?

Answer 60

9.0% in urban, 2.5% in rural

Question 61

What percentage of people were employed in trade and managerial or director positions in urban areas?

Answer 61

10%

Question 62

What percentage of people were employed in trade and managerial or director positions in rural areas?

Answer 62

14%

Question 63

What is the median age in rural areas compared to urban areas?

Answer 63

45 in rural, 37 in urban

Question 64

What percentage of the rural population was born in the UK?

Answer 64

94.9%

Question 65

What does gentrification refer to?

Answer 65

A change in the social structure of a place when affluent people move in

Question 66

What do planners do during gentrification?

Answer 66

Allow developers to upgrade characteristics to attract higher social status and income

Question 67

What is ethnic composition?

Answer 67

The ethnic group make-up of a population

Question 68

What are the main ethnic groups in the UK?

Answer 68

White, Asian, and black

Question 69

How is ethnicity different from nationality?

Answer 69

Ethnicity refers to cultural identity, nationality refers to citizenship

Question 70

What are the changing functions of places?

Answer 70

Places change their functions over time, including administrative, commercial, retail, and industrial functions. ## Footnote This reflects shifts in demographic characteristics such as gentrification, age structure, and ethnic composition.

Question 71

What is an example of a dominant function of a place?

Answer 71

Mining, steel, leisure and tourism, or a market. ## Footnote These functions can define the primary economic activities in a specific area.

Question 72

What are high-order functions and where are they typically located?

Answer 72

High-order functions include banks, department stores, council offices, and doctors' surgeries, typically located in larger settlements. ## Footnote These functions serve a larger population and require more resources.

Question 73

What are lower-order functions and where can they be found?

Answer 73

Lower-order functions include grocer's shops, post boxes, and pubs, found even in small villages. ## Footnote These functions cater to basic needs and are more widely distributed.

Question 74

How has the retail landscape transformed in recent years?

Answer 74

Due to internet and broadband, changing customer habits, online shopping, click-and-collect, and banking. ## Footnote This transformation has significantly impacted high streets.

Question 75

What is the purpose of regeneration in urban areas?

Answer 75

To counteract 'cloning' of land uses and encourage specific place identities to draw customers back. ## Footnote Regeneration efforts aim to revitalize areas and make them more appealing.

Question 76

In rural settings, what additional roles do pubs serve?

Answer 76

Community centres, post offices, and village shops. ## Footnote Pubs often fulfill multiple community functions beyond just serving alcohol.

Question 77

What types of small industrial units have appeared in cities?

Answer 77

Small industrial units, often high-tech, such as light manufacturing. ## Footnote These units represent a shift in industrial activities towards more advanced technologies.

Question 78

What has been the trend regarding small businesses nationally?

Answer 78

There has been a large rise in small businesses nationally. ## Footnote This reflects a growing trend towards entrepreneurship and local economic development.

Question 79

What are functional areas?

Answer 79

Areas defined by their economic functions, often different from administrative areas. ## Footnote Functional areas focus on land use, revealing the economic activities of both rural and urban places.

Question 80

List the four main types of economic functions in places.

Answer 80

* Administrative: council offices, schools, clinics, hospitals * Commercial: offices of service industries * Retail: shops ranging from small to malls * Industrial: factories, warehouses, distribution centres ## Footnote These categories help classify the various functions that different areas serve.

Question 81

True or False: Very few places are static and change affects them continually.

Answer 81

True ## Footnote This reflects the dynamic nature of places and their functions over time.

Question 82

What are some reasons for changes in a place?

Answer 82

Physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, historical development, local and national planning ## Footnote These factors contribute to how and why places evolve over time.

Question 83

What physical factors influence changes in a place?

Answer 83

Location, environment, technology ## Footnote These factors can determine the attractiveness and functionality of a place.

Question 84

How does location affect changes in a place?

Answer 84

Proximity to large cities and core economic zones ## Footnote Being near economic hubs can lead to increased investment and development.

Question 85

What role does environment play in changes in a place?

Answer 85

Places vary in attractiveness ## Footnote Natural beauty or resources can impact population and investment.

Question 86

What technological advancements affect changes in urban areas?

Answer 86

Lifts for high rises, motor vehicles for urban sprawl, fibre optic cables, broadband ## Footnote These technologies influence how people live and interact within spaces.

Question 87

What is the significance of accessibility and connectedness in changes to a place?

Answer 87

Access to other places by road, rail, and air enhances competition for investment and visitors ## Footnote Better connections can lead to economic growth and increased tourism.

Question 88

Fill in the blank: Changes in a place can be explained by _______.

Answer 88

[physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, historical development, local and national planning]

Question 89

True or False: Historical development is one of the reasons for changes in a place.

Answer 89

True ## Footnote Historical context can shape the current landscape and planning of an area.

Question 90

What does urban sprawl refer to?

Answer 90

The expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land ## Footnote Often facilitated by increased accessibility and technology.

Question 91

What factors have historically influenced land values and intensity of use?

Answer 91

Land values and intensity of use historically increased towards the Central Business District (CBD) or core of a village due to better access for most people pre-motor age.

Question 92

What are the key changes in consumer trends in retailing?

Answer 92

Changes in retailing include a shift from corner shops to supermarkets to online shopping.

Question 93

What demographic trend has increased the demand for housing types?

Answer 93

Increased demand for single homes due to demographic and cultural trends.

Question 94

How have big businesses and TNCs influenced consumer demand?

Answer 94

Big businesses and TNCs have shaped consumer demand and the character of places, leading to cloned shopping malls.

Question 95

What impact has increased affluence had on leisure and tourism functions?

Answer 95

Increased affluence has led to the conversion of many houses and buildings into bars, B&Bs, or second homes.

Question 96

What role do historic buildings play in urban regeneration?

Answer 96

Historic buildings can serve as physical assets for places seeking regeneration.

Question 97

What are the negative impacts of derelict buildings and toxic waste?

Answer 97

Derelict buildings and the legacy of toxic waste from manufacturing can deter regeneration efforts.

Question 98

What was a key national government policy in the 1990s regarding education?

Answer 98

The 1990s policy aimed to increase student numbers so that 50% of children could go onto higher education.

Question 99

What planning system was introduced in 1948?

Answer 99

A plan-led system with tight control over developments, zoning, and segregating land uses.

Question 100

What was the purpose of introducing green belts and new towns?

Answer 100

Green belts and new towns were developed to relieve population pressure from larger cities.

Question 101

How did the approach to housing and transport shift from the 1980s?

Answer 101

The approach shifted towards privatisation and greater partnerships with private investors and speculators.

Question 102

What do conservation area policies encourage?

Answer 102

Conservation area policies limit new developments and encourage conversions rather than renewal schemes.

Question 103

What is required for larger schemes in planning?

Answer 103

Larger schemes must have an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Question 104

What change occurred in central government intervention in the late 20th century?

Answer 104

The policy of 'localism' and individuality began to change central government intervention in local places.

Question 105

What is the focus of local planning?

Answer 105

Local planning centers on elected parish and city councils and a few larger cities.

Question 106

What was the impact of streamlining the planning process in 2013?

Answer 106

The planning process was streamlined, although criticized for fast-tracking decisions without full consultation.

Question 107

How can the image or perception of a place affect its development?

Answer 107

The image or perception of a place may affect whether it needs changing or is able to change.

Question 108

What is the significance of Middlesbrough's location regarding transportation?

Answer 108

Not on the UK motorway network, or a mainline train route.

Question 109

What is a notable economic characteristic of Middlesbrough?

Answer 109

A long distance north of London, the economic core.

Question 110

What potential issue is facing the local airport in Middlesbrough?

Answer 110

The local airport, Durham Tees Valley, is potentially closing down.

Question 111

What educational opportunities are limited in Middlesbrough?

Answer 111

Limited higher education opportunities.

Question 112

What historical industries were prominent in Middlesbrough?

Answer 112

Mining, shipping, engineering, steel and petrochemicals.

Question 113

What has happened to many of the historical industries in Middlesbrough?

Answer 113

Many of these industries have now closed.

Question 114

What has Middlesbrough never benefited from?

Answer 114

Governmental regional investment.

Question 115

Where is Reading located in relation to London?

Answer 115

Located on the M4, just west of London.

Question 116

What transportation advantages does Reading have?

Answer 116

Very good rail links and proximity to Heathrow airport.

Question 117

What kind of industries has Reading become a center for since the 1970s?

Answer 117

Footloose industry and services.

Question 118

What is a characteristic of footloose industries?

Answer 118

They can be located anywhere; not tied to natural resources or fixed infrastructure.

Question 119

What is a greenbelt?

Answer 119

Land surrounding cities that cannot be built upon, usually farmland.

Question 120

What does 'leapfrogging' the greenbelt refer to?

Answer 120

Development benefiting places just beyond the greenbelt's edge.

Question 121

How is Reading described in relation to London?

Answer 121

A London 'overspill' town beyond London's greenbelt.

Question 122

What makes Reading an attractive place to live?

Answer 122

Close to rural areas.

Question 123

What are the methods to measure change?

Answer 123

Change can be measured using: * Employment trends * Demographic changes * Land-use changes * Levels of deprivation

Question 124

What is a key indicator of economic success in places?

Answer 124

Population growth or decline

Question 125

What was Middlesbrough's population in 1991?

Answer 125

146,000

Question 126

What was Middlesbrough's population in 2011?

Answer 126

138,400

Question 127

What percentage decrease did Middlesbrough experience in population from 1991 to 2011?

Answer 127

More than 5%

Question 128

What was Reading's population in 1991?

Answer 128

136,000

Question 129

What was Reading's population in 2011?

Answer 129

155,000

Question 130

How many digital economy jobs did Reading and Bracknell gain by 2016?

Answer 130

Over 40,000

Question 131

What significant economic event occurred in Middlesbrough in 2015?

Answer 131

Closure of the Teeside Steelworks

Question 132

How many jobs were lost due to the closure of the Teeside Steelworks?

Answer 132

3200 direct and indirect jobs

Question 133

What does the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quantify?

Answer 133

Deprivation in England

Question 134

How many data domains does the IMD use?

Answer 134

Seven data domains

Question 135

Which two data domains of the IMD are weighted the most?

Answer 135

Income and Employment

Question 136

What is the rank of Middlesbrough in terms of deprivation in England according to the 2015 IMD?

Answer 136

7th most deprived area

Question 137

What is the rank of Reading in terms of deprivation in England according to the 2015 IMD?

Answer 137

147th

Question 138

What is the deprivation level of Reading compared to Middlesbrough?

Answer 138

Less than half the level of deprivation

Question 139

What are the seven data domains used by the IMD?

Answer 139

* Income (large weight) * Employment (large weight) * Education (medium) * Health (medium) * Crime (less) * Barriers to housing and services (less) * Living environment (less)

Question 140

True or False: All large towns and cities have some degree of deprivation.

Answer 140

True

Question 141

What influences people's identity in chosen places?

Answer 141

Economic and social changes ## Footnote Attitudes on changes range from cultural erosion to enrichment.

Question 142

How does the image of a place affect people's perceptions?

Answer 142

Shapes perceptions as either positive or negative ## Footnote This image can also affect the people in the place.

Question 143

What effect does a positive or negative image have on identity?

Answer 143

Identity may be affected by living in an area with a perceived positive or negative image.

Question 144

How is Reading generally perceived?

Answer 144

More modern, busy, and a place with lots to do.

Question 145

How is Middlesbrough generally perceived?

Answer 145

More industrial and less attractive.

Question 146

What impact do images and perceptions have on young people in a place?

Answer 146

Young people may want to leave a place with a poor image.

Question 147

What attracts people to places with positive images?

Answer 147

Job opportunities and a better quality of life.

Question 148

What has the UK Government attempted to measure since 2010?

Answer 148

'National wellbeing' through surveys.

Question 149

What were the percentages of life satisfaction reported in Middlesbrough in 2015?

Answer 149

24% low/medium, 76% very high.

Question 150

What were the percentages of life satisfaction reported in Reading in 2015?

Answer 150

17% low/medium, 83% very high.

Question 151

What does identity refer to?

Answer 151

Feelings, perceptions, shared beliefs, traditions, and ways of life.

Question 152

What can identity create within a community?

Answer 152

A sense of community and belonging to a wider group.

Question 153

Fill in the blank: The results of the national wellbeing survey showed that people in _______ answered low/medium more than those in Reading.

Answer 153

Middlesbrough

Question 154

True or False: The results of the national wellbeing survey were dramatically different between Middlesbrough and Reading.

Answer 154

False

Question 155

What are the international influences on Reading?

Answer 155

Close to the economic core of the EU and within the EU single market. ## Footnote The EU is easily accessible by air, road (Channel Tunnel) and ferries.

Question 156

What global brands have located in Reading International Business Park?

Answer 156

* Verizon * Oracle * Microsoft * Cisco * Pepsico * Vodafone ## Footnote These brands contribute to the economic landscape of Reading.

Question 157

Which globally known tourist sites are close to Reading?

Answer 157

* Windsor Castle * Ascot racecourse ## Footnote These sites enhance Reading's appeal as a tourist destination.

Question 158

What international influence has Middlesbrough experienced?

Answer 158

Received EU economic development funding as a 'Transition Region, but less than areas like Cornwall and Wales. ## Footnote This funding is aimed at aiding economic growth in less developed areas.

Question 159

What global influence has impacted Middlesbrough's manufacturing industry?

Answer 159

The global shift of the manufacturing industry has led to factory closures and a loss of jobs. ## Footnote This shift reflects broader trends in globalization affecting local economies.

Question 160

How has global competition affected Middlesbrough's industries?

Answer 160

Made its steel and petrochemicals industries less profitable. ## Footnote This has contributed to economic challenges in the region.

Question 161

Fill in the blank: International influences have shaped your chosen places, giving contrasting images to that presented more formally and _______.

Answer 161

[statistically]

Question 162

True or False: Middlesbrough has received more EU economic development funding than Cornwall.

Answer 162

False ## Footnote Middlesbrough has received less funding than areas like Cornwall.

Question 163

What has shaped the characteristics of a chosen place?

Answer 163

Regional and national influences ## Footnote These influences can create contrasting images beyond formal and statistical representations.

Question 164

What role does Reading's greenbelt play?

Answer 164

It makes Reading a nearby alternative where development is allowed ## Footnote This facilitates growth while maintaining green spaces.

Question 165

Why are migrants attracted to Reading?

Answer 165

It is close to London and near their UK entry point ## Footnote This proximity offers both convenience and opportunities.

Question 166

What is the preferred location for hi-tech industry in the UK?

Answer 166

The M4 corridor ## Footnote Reading is a significant part of this area.

Question 167

What is a common commuting pattern for people living in Reading?

Answer 167

Many people commute to London ## Footnote This reflects the job market and economic opportunities in the capital.

Question 168

What has high transport spending in the South and South East provided?

Answer 168

Connections via the M4, Heathrow airport, the M40, and the M3 ## Footnote This infrastructure supports regional accessibility and economic growth.

Question 169

What was a significant factor in Middlesbrough's industrial growth?

Answer 169

Iron ore deposits ## Footnote These resources were crucial for the region's development.

Question 170

What issue affects Middlesbrough's connectivity?

Answer 170

Poor road and rail connections to nearby cities like Leeds and Newcastle ## Footnote This limits economic and social interactions.

Question 171

How does proximity to the North York Moors National Park affect Middlesbrough?

Answer 171

It is close but not close enough to benefit from tourism ## Footnote This limits potential economic opportunities from tourism.

Question 172

What geographical issue does Middlesbrough face?

Answer 172

It is located in a 'cut-off' corner of the North East ## Footnote This isolation hinders access to major transport routes.

Question 173

How do images and perceptions affect young people in certain places?

Answer 173

They may feel they want to leave a place with a poor image ## Footnote This can influence migration patterns and local demographics.

Question 174

What attracts people to places with positive images?

Answer 174

Perceived job opportunities and quality of life ## Footnote Companies are also drawn to these areas for the same reasons.

Question 175

True or False: Companies are attracted to places with poor images.

Answer 175

False ## Footnote Attractive images correlate with more job opportunities.

Question 176

What factors contribute to the success of urban places?

Answer 176

Market forces and government-led regeneration ## Footnote Examples include London benefiting from its capital status and government policies like the Thames Gateway and the 2012 Olympic Games.

Question 177

Which large cities have developed strong service and financial centre economies?

Answer 177

Birmingham and Bristol ## Footnote These cities have seen growth in their economic sectors.

Question 178

What does it mean if a place is popular?

Answer 178

It is viewed as largely attractive.

Question 179

What disadvantages do lower-income individuals face in successful urban areas?

Answer 179

Higher cost of living and property prices.

Question 180

What types of skills shortages are prevalent in successful urban areas?

Answer 180

IT, technology, creative, finance, engineering, plumbing, building, and caring.

Question 181

What has contributed to skills shortages in urban areas?

Answer 181

Previous low education take-up, restrictions on 'skilled' immigrants, and inflated living costs in London.

Question 182

What significant trend was revealed by the 2011 census regarding rural places?

Answer 182

Rural places were experiencing a reversal of a 250-year trend of urban areas dominating jobs, wages, and productivity.

Question 183

Which small towns have been growing faster than larger urban areas?

Answer 183

Villages and towns such as Worcester and Rutland.

Question 184

What are the general unemployment and insolvency rates in rural areas?

Answer 184

Lower rates, with exceptions in some ex-mining settlements.

Question 185

What type of businesses have seen growth in rural areas?

Answer 185

Smaller and micro-businesses, as well as home working.

Question 186

What sectors are booming in rural areas?

Answer 186

Higher value food products, leisure, and tourism.

Question 187

What demographic changes are occurring in attractive rural communities?

Answer 187

In-migration of younger families, commuters, and retirees.

Question 188

What technological and infrastructural advancements have supported rural living?

Answer 188

Transport and technology innovations, especially mobile networks and government investment in high-speed broadband.

Question 189

What tools are used to quantify the success of places?

Answer 189

ONS Well-Being Index and IMD deprivation index.

Question 190

What does the Halifax Rural Quality of Life Survey reveal about southern areas?

Answer 190

Higher ratings for weekly earnings, weather, health, and life expectancy.

Question 191

What advantages do northern areas have according to the Sunday Times Index?

Answer 191

Better education in terms of grades, smaller class sizes, lower house prices relative to earnings, and lower traffic flows and population densities.

Question 192

What are indicators of a successful region?

Answer 192

High rates of employment, inward migration, low levels of deprivation ## Footnote Successful regions like the San Francisco Bay area exhibit these characteristics.

Question 193

What are common problems in economically successful regions?

Answer 193

Overheated property prices, congestion of roads and public transport, skills shortages ## Footnote Despite their success, regions face these challenges.

Question 194

How does residents' perception of successful places vary?

Answer 194

Younger people prefer fast pace and opportunities, retirees prefer slower pace and good climate ## Footnote Different demographics have differing views on what constitutes a successful place.

Question 195

What is a key feature of Santa Clara County?

Answer 195

It is the original 'Silicon Valley' and hosts major tech companies ## Footnote Companies like Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Adobe, and eBay are located here.

Question 196

What was the population of Santa Clara County in 1990?

Answer 196

1.5 million ## Footnote The population grew to 1.9 million by 2015.

Question 197

What is the annual GDP of Santa Clara County?

Answer 197

$180 billion ## Footnote This is comparable to the GDP of the Czech Republic.

Question 198

What was the average household income in Santa Clara County in 2014?

Answer 198

$89,000 ## Footnote This figure reflects the high earning potential in the region.

Question 199

Fill in the blank: The average detached house in Santa Clara costs over _______.

Answer 199

US $1 million ## Footnote High property prices are a characteristic of successful regions.

Question 200

True or False: Successful regions are free of problems.

Answer 200

False ## Footnote Even successful regions face challenges like property price inflation and skills shortages.

Question 201

What do most people view as better in rural areas compared to urban areas?

Answer 201

Environmental quality ## Footnote This perspective often differs based on individual preferences.

Question 202

What cities are included in Santa Clara County?

Answer 202

Cupertino, Palo Alto, San Jose ## Footnote These cities are significant for their tech industry presence.

Question 203

What economic phenomenon triggered a spiral of decline in the Rust Belt?

Answer 203

Economic restructuring ## Footnote This includes increasing levels of social deprivation in deindustrialised urban areas and rural settlements.

Question 204

What is Detroit often referred to due to its historical significance in manufacturing?

Answer 204

Motor City ## Footnote Detroit was once the center of American car manufacturing.

Question 205

What was Detroit's population in 1970 and what did it decline to by 2015?

Answer 205

1.5 million in 1970 to 680,000 by 2015 ## Footnote This represents a drop of over 50%.

Question 206

What was the average household income in Detroit in 2015 compared to the national average?

Answer 206

About $25,000 in 2015, half the national average ## Footnote More than $60,000 lower than in Santa Clara County.

Question 207

By 2014, what percentage of Detroit's residents could not afford basic needs?

Answer 207

Two-thirds ## Footnote The poverty rate was 38%.

Question 208

What is the life expectancy in parts of Detroit?

Answer 208

69 years ## Footnote Less than 30% of students graduate from high school.

Question 209

In 2014, what was notable about Detroit's murder rate?

Answer 209

Second highest of any US city ## Footnote This highlights the severe social issues facing the city.

Question 210

What were average house prices in Detroit around 2015?

Answer 210

About $40,000 ## Footnote It is estimated there were 30,000 abandoned homes and 70,000 other abandoned buildings.

Question 211

What type of workers are in severe shortage in Detroit?

Answer 211

Public sector workers (teachers, nurses) ## Footnote Most have moved away to better places.

Question 212

What is the demographic breakdown of Detroit's population in 2017?

Answer 212

82% black, 8% white, 7% Hispanic, 1% Asian, 2% mixed ## Footnote Detroit is dominated by Black African Americans.

Question 213

What caused the demographic shift in Detroit's population?

Answer 213

Migration of more skilled and better-educated groups ## Footnote Black African Americans were the lowest income group left behind.

Question 214

What is a common characteristic of many industrial cities that have declined?

Answer 214

Spiral of decline due to deindustrialisation ## Footnote This includes cities like Detroit, Cleveland, Newcastle, and Hull.

Question 215

What is the negative multiplier effect in relation to industrial cities?

Answer 215

A cycle of economic decline leading to social issues ## Footnote Regeneration efforts target this effect.

Question 216

What is a spiral of decline?

Answer 216

A hard-to-stop loss of jobs, people and tax revenues that leads to further losses and greater decline. ## Footnote This concept illustrates the self-perpetuating nature of economic decline.

Question 217

Define ethnicity.

Answer 217

Groups of people who share a common culture, ancestry, language, traditions, and often religion. ## Footnote Ethnicity encompasses shared cultural identities.

Question 218

What is race based on?

Answer 218

Physical/genetic characteristics. ## Footnote Race is often associated with visible traits.

Question 219

List three reduced social consequences of inequality.

Answer 219

* Trust in people with positions of power * Social and civic participation * Educational attainment and training

Question 220

List three increased social consequences of inequality.

Answer 220

* Segregation of different socio-economic groups * Health issues * Higher infant mortality and shorter longevity

Question 221

What drives less-affluent people into debt according to the text?

Answer 221

Status competition to keep up with a peer group practicing a higher level of consumerism. ## Footnote This highlights the pressures of societal expectations on financial behavior.

Question 222

What are the results of social inequality described in the text?

Answer 222

Intergenerational unless broken by effective regeneration schemes, university education, random opportunity, or sheer entrepreneurship. ## Footnote These factors can disrupt the cycle of decline.

Question 223

What is an example of urban decline mentioned in the text?

Answer 223

Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding and steel town in Teeside with high unemployment. ## Footnote Hartlepool's economic struggles exemplify urban decline in the UK.

Question 224

What is the unemployment rate in Hartlepool compared to the national average?

Answer 224

Twice the national average (13%). ## Footnote This statistic illustrates the severity of economic challenges faced by the town.

Question 225

What percentage of Hartlepool's high street shops are empty?

Answer 225

Over a quarter. ## Footnote This indicates a lack of spending power in the area.

Question 226

What is a primary environmental characteristic of rural areas compared to urban places?

Answer 226

Rural areas do not have as many environmental issues, a lack of green space, or conflicts centred on ethnicity.

Question 227

What demographic issue is a significant factor in rural decline?

Answer 227

Faster ageing population exacerbated by the out-migration of young people.

Question 228

What economic trend is contributing to rural decline?

Answer 228

Falling employment in farming and other primary sector work like mining, quarrying, fishing, and forestry.

Question 229

What is mechanisation in the context of rural employment?

Answer 229

Bigger, more efficient, and sophisticated machines often doing the work once done by human labour.

Question 230

What is a major reason for the out-migration of young people from rural areas?

Answer 230

For education and then employment.

Question 231

What demographic change is noted in rural populations?

Answer 231

Increasing percentage of over 65s who are retired and dependent on pensions.

Question 232

What impact does the ageing population have on rural public services?

Answer 232

Places high demands on public services, especially healthcare.

Question 233

What trend is seen in rural services?

Answer 233

Decline in rural services, especially post offices, banks, petrol stations, and some public services.

Question 234

How has population growth affected rural service usage?

Answer 234

People increasingly drive to use services in towns.

Question 235

What shift in economic activity is noted in rural areas?

Answer 235

A shift towards services, especially leisure and tourism.

Question 236

Which areas benefit from the shift towards leisure and tourism?

Answer 236

Popular areas accessible from major towns and cities.

Question 237

What was the population change in West Somerset from 2001 to 2011?

Answer 237

Fell by about 500 to 34,400.

Question 238

What is the average age of the population in West Somerset?

Answer 238

52, the oldest age of any local council area in England.

Question 239

What challenges does West Somerset face for economic development?

Answer 239

No motorways, higher education provision, or rail connections.

Question 240

What tourism challenge does West Somerset face despite proximity to Exmoor?

Answer 240

Limited amount of tourism development.

Question 241

How did West Somerset rank in the 2015 IMD?

Answer 241

Ranked as the 56th most deprived local authority.

Question 242

What was the population change in Mid Devon from 2001 to 2011?

Answer 242

Increased from 69,900 to 77,800.

Question 243

What factors contributed to Mid Devon's population growth?

Answer 243

Growth of holiday homes and in-migration of retired people.

Question 244

What makes Mid Devon accessible?

Answer 244

Via the M5 motorway and the Great Western railway.

Question 245

What are some tourism hotspots in Mid Devon?

Answer 245

Great Western Canal and Exmoor National Park.

Question 246

How did Mid Devon rank in the 2015 IMD?

Answer 246

Ranked 156th most deprived local authority area.

Question 247

What is an example of a relatively unsuccessful region?

Answer 247

Mainly rural Cornwall ## Footnote This region is characterized by economic challenges and lower levels of development.

Question 248

What contrasts with better-connected and well-off places?

Answer 248

Less well-off, remoter agricultural places ## Footnote Examples include Llansilin on the Welsh border and areas once dominated by mining.

Question 249

What is a characteristic of place perceptions by residents?

Answer 249

They are likely to vary ## Footnote This variation can occur even within the same region.

Question 250

What may be hidden statistically in affluent areas?

Answer 250

Pockets of deprivation ## Footnote These can consist of a few houses, streets, or small estates.

Question 251

Fill in the blank: 'Two ________ exist side by side.'

Answer 251

[countrysides]

Question 252

What is an example of a better-connected and growing place?

Answer 252

The Itchen Valley in Hampshire ## Footnote This area is noted for its economic growth and connectivity.

Question 253

What are the priorities for regeneration influenced by?

Answer 253

Significant variation in economic and social inequalities ## Footnote This includes gated communities, 'sink estates', commuter villages, and declining rural settlements.

Question 254

What is a common feature of inequalities in urban areas?

Answer 254

Social segregation and residential sorting ## Footnote This condition is self-reinforcing as struggling neighborhoods decline.

Question 255

What is an extreme example of social segregation in the USA?

Answer 255

'White flight' in urban areas ## Footnote This term refers to the phenomenon where white residents move out of neighborhoods as minority populations move in.

Question 256

What notable inequalities exist in Reading?

Answer 256

Very deprived areas next to least deprived areas ## Footnote For example, in the north east, there is an area in the 10% most deprived next to one in the 10% least deprived.

Question 257

Which areas in Reading are most deprived?

Answer 257

Areas close to the town centre Central Business District to the south and west ## Footnote The northern areas of Reading are the least deprived.

Question 258

What are gated communities?

Answer 258

Wealthy residential areas that are fenced off with security gates and entry systems ## Footnote These communities are increasingly common in the UK.

Question 259

What characterizes sink estates?

Answer 259

High levels of economic and social deprivation and crime ## Footnote Examples include the Barracks in Glasgow and Broadwater Farm in North London.

Question 260

What is a notable feature of sink estates?

Answer 260

They have the shortest waiting lists for housing ## Footnote They tend to house the lowest income, most in-need residents.

Question 261

What was significant about Redruth in the UK?

Answer 261

It was the first town to introduce a temporary curfew for youngsters centered on a sink estate ## Footnote This estate is known as Close Hill and consists of just six streets.

Question 262

What percentage of families claim benefits in the Camborne Corridor?

Answer 262

Up to a third ## Footnote This area includes ex-mining towns in Cornwall.

Question 263

What contrasts can be found in rural areas regarding communities?

Answer 263

Prosperous commuter villages near less attractive rural villages ## Footnote These less attractive villages may suffer from population decline and service deprivation.

Question 264

What is a common way to measure engagement in local communities?

Answer 264

Election turnout

Question 265

What was the voter turnout percentage in the 2015 UK general election?

Answer 265

66.1%

Question 266

What age group had the highest voter turnout in the 2015 UK general election?

Answer 266

People aged over 65

Question 267

What was the voter turnout percentage for people aged 18-24 in the 2015 UK general election?

Answer 267

43%

Question 268

Which area had the lowest turnout in the 2015 UK general election?

Answer 268

Stoke on Trent Central (51%)

Question 269

Which area had the highest turnout in the 2015 UK general election?

Answer 269

East Dunbartonshire in Scotland (82%)

Question 270

Where is voter turnout generally lowest?

Answer 270

Deprived inner cities

Question 271

Where is voter turnout generally higher?

Answer 271

Wealthy suburbs and commuter belt rural areas

Question 272

What was the turnout percentage among professional and managerial workers?

Answer 272

75%

Question 273

What was the turnout percentage among manual workers?

Answer 273

57%

Question 274

What percentage of ethnic minority groups chose to vote?

Answer 274

55%

Question 275

What was the turnout percentage in the 2014 UK local elections?

Answer 275

36%

Question 276

Name a factor that can explain variation in political engagement.

Answer 276

* Language barriers * Lack of trust in politicians * Feeling of no influence * Lack of community belonging

Question 277

Which groups are strongest in their lack of trust in politicians?

Answer 277

The young and some ethnic minority groups

Question 278

What feeling is strongest among minorities that affects engagement?

Answer 278

Feeling that one has no influence

Question 279

Why is engagement in political processes important for communities needing regeneration?

Answer 279

They are often the least engaged in the political processes that influence regeneration

Question 280

What varies across the country regarding local community groups?

Answer 280

Local willingness and the group's aim ## Footnote This variability affects the types of support and initiatives that can be undertaken by community groups.

Question 281

What types of activities do local community groups engage in?

Answer 281

Activities include: * Running local allotments * Managing open spaces and nature reserves * Operating village shops * Protesting against planned developments * Fundraising for vulnerable individuals * Organizing meals on wheels and transport services * Creating friendship groups

Question 282

What is a common response from residents to reduce antisocial behaviour?

Answer 282

Forming a resident group ## Footnote These groups can be effective in addressing local issues and improving community safety.

Question 283

What is essential for regeneration efforts?

Answer 283

Community participation in all stages ## Footnote This involvement ensures that regeneration efforts reflect the needs and desires of the local population.

Question 284

Approximately how many grant organizations exist to support community groups?

Answer 284

About 9000 grant organizations ## Footnote These include the Government, the National Lottery, supermarket chains, and charities.

Question 285

What can charitable status help with for community groups?

Answer 285

Fundraising ## Footnote Charitable status can enhance credibility and attract donations.

Question 286

How has the internet impacted support for community groups?

Answer 286

Made information and support more accessible ## Footnote Online resources provide easier access to funding opportunities and best practices.

Question 287

In what areas has the voluntary sector been effective?

Answer 287

The voluntary sector has been effective in: * Youth mentoring schemes * Addiction treatment centres * Welfare-to-work organizations

Question 288

What factors influence the lived experience of and attachment to places?

Answer 288

Age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence, levels of deprivation ## Footnote These factors impact levels of engagement with places.

Question 289

How does place attachment influence attitude?

Answer 289

It affects the degree of engagement with the area ## Footnote Higher place attachment often leads to increased community involvement.

Question 290

What is the significance of the Coin Street Community Builders (CSCB)?

Answer 290

They bought land and manage social, affordable housing in a formerly deprived area ## Footnote This was a response to community opposition against commercial redevelopment.

Question 291

How does age affect place attachment?

Answer 291

Younger people may feel less attached due to globalization and social media ## Footnote Age combined with length of residence is crucial in understanding attachment.

Question 292

What impact does length of residence have on place attachment?

Answer 292

New migrants and students may have weaker attachments compared to longstanding locals ## Footnote Longer residency typically correlates with stronger community ties.

Question 293

How do levels of deprivation relate to place attachment?

Answer 293

Higher deprivation may lead to anti-establishment views and less attachment ## Footnote Temporary accommodation residents often feel less connected than owner-occupiers.

Question 294

What role does ethnicity play in place attachment?

Answer 294

Non-whites may have differing views based on local acceptance or antipathy ## Footnote This can also be linked to the length of their residence in the area.

Question 295

How does gender influence community engagement?

Answer 295

Women may feel less able to go to the pub alone; stay-at-home parents may be more active ## Footnote Gender dynamics can affect how individuals participate in community activities.

Question 296

Define place attachment.

Answer 296

The bond between an individual or community and a location ## Footnote It reflects how much people care for a place.

Question 297

What are some causes of conflicts in communities regarding regeneration?

Answer 297

Conflicts can occur due to: * a lack of political engagement and representation * ethnic tensions * inequality * a lack of economic opportunity ## Footnote These factors create contrasting views about the priorities and strategies for regeneration.

Question 298

What is studentification?

Answer 298

A phenomenon affecting larger urban places, like Leeds, Nottingham, and Southampton, characterized by concentrations of transient, youthful groups who may disregard long-term residents. ## Footnote It can lead to local authorities attempting to restrict the number of houses of multiple occupation.

Question 299

What significant development began in 2014 on Winchester's northern fringe?

Answer 299

The initial preparations for a new 93 ha greenfield mixed development scheme began. ## Footnote The development includes 2000 homes, 800 designated as social housing, and various community facilities.

Question 300

What was contested for 15 years in the Barton Farm/King's Barton Urban Fringe Regeneration?

Answer 300

The change of use from farmland to an effective suburb. ## Footnote This was contested by the pressure group 'Save Barton Farm'.

Question 301

What decision did Winchester City Council make regarding the Barton Farm development?

Answer 301

The council's decision not to approve the development was overturned at appeal by the Secretary for State in 2012. ## Footnote This indicates the complexities and conflicts in urban planning decisions.

Question 302

How was Winchester polarized during the Barton Farm development debate?

Answer 302

More affluent people tended to support anti-development protests, while singletons and low-paid professionals supported the project. ## Footnote This highlights the differing interests and economic disparities among community members.

Question 303

Fill in the blank: Conflicts in regeneration can arise from a lack of _______.

Answer 303

[political engagement and representation] ## Footnote This is one of the key factors that contribute to community conflicts.

Question 304

What is the Northern Powerhouse?

Answer 304

A concept announced by Chancellor George Osbourne in 2014 to empower cities in the North of England to work together to become an economic force to rival that of London and the South East.

Question 305

What local factors may hinder the Northern Powerhouse initiative?

Answer 305

Distinct local identities built up over decades of industrial growth and decline, including rivalries of football clubs like Manchester and Liverpool.

Question 306

Which city is chosen as the main hub for the Northern Powerhouse?

Answer 306

Greater Manchester.

Question 307

What is the contention regarding Greater Manchester's status as the main hub?

Answer 307

It is contested by Liverpool's City Council.

Question 308

What infrastructure development is expected to link the Northern Powerhouse to London?

Answer 308

HS2.

Question 309

What is Lower Falinge?

Answer 309

A sink estate in Rochdale housing about 1000 people, built in the 1970s.

Question 310

How is Lower Falinge often ranked in terms of socio-economic status?

Answer 310

It has consistently been ranked one of England's most deprived areas.

Question 311

What are the conflicting views on the future of Lower Falinge?

Answer 311

Views range from wanting to demolish it, calling it 'just outdated', to seeing it as a nice place.

Question 312

What is a potential benefit of regenerating Lower Falinge without demolition?

Answer 312

It could retain the community.

Question 313

What is a challenge associated with regenerating run-down flats?

Answer 313

It is often more expensive than demolition and rebuilding.

Question 314

Fill in the blank: The Northern Powerhouse aims to empower cities in the North of England to become an economic force to rival that of _______.

Answer 314

London and the South East.

Question 315

True or False: Lower Falinge is viewed positively by all residents.

Answer 315

False.

Question 316

What is the purpose of Greenbelt land?

Answer 316

It is protected green space surrounding larger cities that cannot be built on. ## Footnote Greenbelt land is usually farmland.

Question 317

What are conservation areas and what do they regulate?

Answer 317

Areas like National Parks with strict planning regulations that limit most development. ## Footnote Development is typically limited to small-scale residential and commercial schemes.

Question 318

What is 'planning gain' in the context of planning permission?

Answer 318

A requirement for developers to include affordable homes or improvements in their schemes. ## Footnote This can include enhancements to existing roads or parks.

Question 319

What types of developments can be approved despite planning restrictions?

Answer 319

Developments in the national interest, such as fracking, quarrying, or new road building. ## Footnote These are allowed even when normally not permitted.

Question 320

What were the national house-building targets set in 2007 and revised for 2010-2015?

Answer 320

240,000 new homes per year in 2007, revised to 200,000 per year for 2010-2015. ## Footnote These targets are often not met.

Question 321

What is a significant issue affecting housing in the UK?

Answer 321

A shortage of homes and very high house prices. ## Footnote High demand for housing is particularly noted in London and the South-East.

Question 322

What was the housing shortage in the UK by 2016?

Answer 322

About 500,000 new homes were needed. ## Footnote This reflects a growing crisis in housing availability.

Question 323

How many homes need to be built each year to meet current demand?

Answer 323

240,000 homes per year. ## Footnote This figure indicates the scale of the housing requirement.

Question 324

How many new homes have been built each year over the last ten years?

Answer 324

Only 100,000-150,000 new homes. ## Footnote This falls significantly short of the required amount.

Question 325

What impact does the greenbelt policy have on housing development?

Answer 325

It makes releasing new land for housing very hard to achieve. ## Footnote This contributes to the housing shortage.

Question 326

Which areas in the UK face the least capacity to find new land for housing?

Answer 326

The South and East of England. ## Footnote These areas have the highest demand for housing.

Question 327

True or False: The average house price in London is less than £450,000.

Answer 327

False. ## Footnote The average house price in London exceeds £450,000.

Question 328

Fill in the blank: The average house price in the South-East is approximately _______.

Answer 328

£300,000. ## Footnote This price reflects the high cost of housing in that region.

Question 329

What can the lack of ability to build new housing prevent?

Answer 329

Economic development and regeneration. ## Footnote It limits opportunities for new residents in an area.

Question 330

What is the primary goal of National Infrastructure Investment?

Answer 330

To reduce the divide by improving transport accessibility to enhance economic growth. ## Footnote This investment aims to connect poorer regions with economically prosperous areas.

Question 331

When did the UK motorway network begin?

Answer 331

In the 1950s. ## Footnote The network was designed to reduce road travel times between regions.

Question 332

What cities are included in the proposed High Speed Rail network?

Answer 332

London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, and Leeds. ## Footnote This network aims to connect poorer regions to the economic core in London and the South East.

Question 333

Since when has there been considerable investment in regional airports like Newcastle, Manchester, and Glasgow?

Answer 333

Since the 1960s. ## Footnote This investment is part of the broader national infrastructure developments.

Question 334

What type of regeneration occurs in relation to national developments?

Answer 334

Local regeneration. ## Footnote Local regeneration efforts are influenced by larger national infrastructure projects.

Question 335

What is the purpose of infrastructure investment?

Answer 335

To maintain growth and improve accessibility to regenerate regions. ## Footnote Infrastructure investments include high-speed rail and airport development.

Question 336

Who facilitates regeneration at the national level?

Answer 336

National governments, often in partnership with charities and developers. ## Footnote Regeneration is considered a local process as it typically targets small areas.

Question 337

Where does much of the funding for regeneration come from?

Answer 337

National government and the EU in the form of grants. ## Footnote The future of EU regeneration funding is uncertain due to Brexit.

Question 338

What is the significance of understanding local regeneration?

Answer 338

It needs to be understood in the context of national policy.

Question 339

What characterized regeneration policy from 1950-1980?

Answer 339

Regional Policy and New Towns. ## Footnote Grants were directed at depressed regions supported by new road development.

Question 340

What was a major focus of regeneration policy from 1980-2000?

Answer 340

Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) and Single Regeneration Budget (SRB). ## Footnote This period focused on inner-city regeneration in deindustrialised areas.

Question 341

What is a quango?

Answer 341

A quasi-autonomous governmental organisation. ## Footnote Quangos are government-funded but act independently, often leading regeneration efforts.

Question 342

What is the focus of Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) established post-2010?

Answer 342

Regeneration and job creation in specific small areas. ## Footnote There were about 40 LEPs in England in 2015.

Question 343

What has been a distinct feature of the UK since the 1950s?

Answer 343

A North-South divide. ## Footnote Regeneration efforts have aimed to reduce this divide.

Question 344

What significant impacts do UK government decisions about international migration have?

Answer 344

They affect potential for growth and both direct and indirect investment.

Question 345

What is one potential argument regarding government policies and housing shortages?

Answer 345

Large-scale immigration contributes to increasing demand for new houses.

Question 346

How did the UK population change from 2001 to 2011?

Answer 346

It increased from 59 million to 63 million.

Question 347

What is a consequence of open-door immigration policies in the UK?

Answer 347

Increased demand for housing.

Question 348

What effect does deregulation of capital markets have in the UK?

Answer 348

It allows foreign investment in UK real estate.

Question 349

How many London properties were estimated to be owned by offshore tax havens in 2016?

Answer 349

40,000 properties.

Question 350

What is a concern regarding properties owned by offshore tax havens?

Answer 350

They may not be lived in or even rented.

Question 351

What is the impact of second homes and holiday homes on local housing availability?

Answer 351

They reduce the number of houses available to local people.

Question 352

Fill in the blank: The UK has few restrictions on buying houses for _______.

Answer 352

[holiday lets or second homes]

Question 353

What long-term risk is associated with very high house prices?

Answer 353

They may prevent investment in some locations.

Question 354

How might very high house prices affect investor behavior?

Answer 354

They could deter investment in areas where housing for workers is expensive.

Question 355

What are the two types of policies that government may create regarding migration?

Answer 355

Open or closed doors policies.

Question 356

What significant impacts do UK government decisions about international migration have?

Answer 356

They affect potential for growth and both direct and indirect investment.

Question 357

What is one potential argument regarding government policies and housing shortages?

Answer 357

Large-scale immigration contributes to increasing demand for new houses.

Question 358

How did the UK population change from 2001 to 2011?

Answer 358

It increased from 59 million to 63 million.

Question 359

What is a consequence of open-door immigration policies in the UK?

Answer 359

Increased demand for housing.

Question 360

What effect does deregulation of capital markets have in the UK?

Answer 360

It allows foreign investment in UK real estate.

Question 361

How many London properties were estimated to be owned by offshore tax havens in 2016?

Answer 361

40,000 properties.

Question 362

What is a concern regarding properties owned by offshore tax havens?

Answer 362

They may not be lived in or even rented.

Question 363

What is the impact of second homes and holiday homes on local housing availability?

Answer 363

They reduce the number of houses available to local people.

Question 364

Fill in the blank: The UK has few restrictions on buying houses for _______.

Answer 364

[holiday lets or second homes]

Question 365

What long-term risk is associated with very high house prices?

Answer 365

They may prevent investment in some locations.

Question 366

How might very high house prices affect investor behavior?

Answer 366

They could deter investment in areas where housing for workers is expensive.

Question 367

What are the two types of policies that government may create regarding migration?

Answer 367

Open or closed doors policies.

Question 368

What is greenbelt land?

Answer 368

Protected green space surrounding larger cities, usually farmland ## Footnote Greenbelt land cannot be built on.

Question 369

What are conservation areas?

Answer 369

Areas like National Parks with strict planning regulations limiting development ## Footnote Development is usually restricted to small-scale residential and commercial schemes.

Question 370

What is 'planning gain'?

Answer 370

A requirement for developers to include affordable homes or infrastructure improvements in their projects ## Footnote It is often a condition for obtaining planning permission.

Question 371

What types of developments may be allowed despite normal restrictions?

Answer 371

Developments in the national interest, such as fracking, quarrying, or new road building ## Footnote These can be permitted even when they would not normally be allowed.

Question 372

What were the national house-building targets set in 2007?

Answer 372

240,000 new homes per year ## Footnote This target was revised to 200,000 for 2010-2015.

Question 373

What is a significant issue related to housing in the UK?

Answer 373

A shortage of homes and very high house prices ## Footnote Demand is particularly high in London, the South-East, and East of England.

Question 374

What was the estimated shortage of new homes in the UK by 2016?

Answer 374

About 500,000 new homes ## Footnote This contributes to the ongoing housing crisis.

Question 375

How many homes need to be built each year to meet current demand?

Answer 375

240,000 homes ## Footnote However, actual construction has been significantly lower.

Question 376

What has been the average number of new homes built each year for the last ten years?

Answer 376

100,000-150,000 new homes ## Footnote This is far below the required amount to meet demand.

Question 377

What impact do planning laws like greenbelt policy have on housing?

Answer 377

They make it very hard to release new land for housing ## Footnote This limits the ability to build new housing and can hinder economic development.

Question 378

True or False: The average house price in London is less than £450,000.

Answer 378

False ## Footnote The average house price in London is more than £450,000.

Question 379

Fill in the blank: The average house price in the South-East is about _______.

Answer 379

£300,000 ## Footnote This indicates the high cost of housing in that region.

Question 380

What are tourist trails based on?

Answer 380

Popular TV programmes such as Heartbeat and Last of the Summer Wine ## Footnote These trails attract visitors to rural areas by connecting them with popular culture.

Question 381

Name two outdoor pursuits available in Galloway Forest Park.

Answer 381

* Walking * Mountain biking * Climbing ## Footnote Galloway Forest Park offers a variety of outdoor activities for adventure enthusiasts.

Question 382

What unique activity can be found at Zip World in Blaenau Ffestiniog?

Answer 382

Riding a 2,000 m zip line, the longest in Europe ## Footnote This attraction utilizes the region's old slate quarries for an adventurous experience.

Question 383

What is farm diversification?

Answer 383

Shifting focus from food production to camping, organic food, shops, and holiday cottages ## Footnote This often occurs with the support of public funding such as EU grants.

Question 384

What does sustainable rural livelihoods focus on?

Answer 384

Regeneration focused on renewable energy and natural resources ## Footnote Examples include projects like Kielder Forest providing new income sources.

Question 385

What is significant about Kielder Forest in Northumberland?

Answer 385

It houses England's largest hydro-electric plant and has involved the cutting down of 1.5 million trees ## Footnote This highlights the balance between energy production and environmental impact.

Question 386

What are the main types of regeneration strategies?

Answer 386

Urban and rural regeneration strategies include: * Retail-led plans * Tourism * Leisure and sport * Public/private rural diversification ## Footnote Example: Powys Regeneration Partnership

Question 387

What is a key focus of regeneration strategies?

Answer 387

Regeneration often focuses on economic sectors based on existing strengths such as: * Attractive physical landscape * Good transport * Access * History * Existing buildings or demand for new services

Question 388

What is an example of a major shopping mall mentioned in urban regeneration?

Answer 388

Westfield in Stratford or Meadowhall in Sheffield

Question 389

What is heritage tourism?

Answer 389

Heritage tourism involves historic sites and attractions such as: * Hartlepool's Maritime Experience * The Titanic Quarter in Belfast

Question 390

What major sporting event is linked to urban regeneration in Stratford?

Answer 390

The London 2012 Olympics

Question 391

What is the size of the Olympic Park developed for the London 2012 Olympics?

Answer 391

200 hectares

Question 392

What is an example of arts and culture regeneration in Salford?

Answer 392

Landmark cultural buildings such as: * The Baltic art gallery * Sage music venue at Gateshead Quayside * Mediacity

Question 393

Fill in the blank: Regeneration strategies often focus on sectors based on _______.

Answer 393

[existing strengths]

Question 394

True or False: Regeneration strategies can include public/private rural diversification.

Answer 394

True

Question 395

What was the residents' response to the development attempts in Coin Street during the 1970s?

Answer 395

Residents resisted the attempts to develop commercial, hotel, and retail space in their area.

Question 396

What sparked protests by residents in the 1980s in London's Docklands?

Answer 396

The regeneration of London's Docklands by the London Docklands Development Corporation.

Question 397

What concerns did residents have regarding the job creation in the Docklands regeneration?

Answer 397

Residents felt that the service sector jobs and expensive apartment housing were not reducing poverty in the area.

Question 398

What was the sentiment of residents in Newham during the regeneration for the London 2012 Olympics?

Answer 398

Residents felt that their needs were being ignored during the regeneration of Olympic Park.

Question 399

What was the outcome for the Clay Lane Housing Cooperative in 2007?

Answer 399

The cooperative was compulsory purchased to make way for Olympic site developments.

Question 400

What impact did compulsory purchases have on residents in the area?

Answer 400

Residents were forced to move from their homes.

Question 401

What cultural aspect was lost due to the regeneration in the east end community?

Answer 401

The community and its culture were lost.

Question 402

How did gentrification affect rents in the area?

Answer 402

Gentrification increased rents, making them unaffordable for some.

Question 403

What type of jobs were primarily created related to the Olympics?

Answer 403

Many jobs were temporary construction jobs.

Question 404

How many of the Olympic-related jobs went to local people?

Answer 404

Few jobs went to local people, whether temporary or permanent.

Question 405

What has been the legacy of the post-games in the area?

Answer 405

The legacy has been one of continuing regeneration.

Question 406

What role do local interest groups play in decision-making about regeneration?

Answer 406

They play a key role, often causing tensions between those wishing to preserve environments and those seeking change. ## Footnote Example: Chambers of Commerce, local preservation societies, trade unions.

Question 407

What is regeneration in the 21st century primarily about?

Answer 407

Partnerships between the public and private sectors.

Question 408

What does 'pump-priming' refer to in the context of regeneration?

Answer 408

Using public money to make an area more attractive for private investment.

Question 409

What types of improvements are typically made through pump-priming?

Answer 409

Improvements to derelict sites, transport, power, and water supply.

Question 410

Who are the key players that need to be included for successful regeneration partnerships?

Answer 410

* Chambers of Commerce * Trade unions * Education institutions * Local groups

Question 411

What is the role of Chambers of Commerce in regeneration?

Answer 411

To represent business and industry, persuading governments to invest in infrastructure, education, and skills training.

Question 412

What is the primary responsibility of trade unions?

Answer 412

To represent workers in specific industries regarding pay and conditions.

Question 413

Why is the involvement of education institutions important in regeneration?

Answer 413

They provide the skilled workers that modern businesses need.

Question 414

What types of local groups should be involved in regeneration?

Answer 414

* Environmental groups * Historical preservation societies * Wildlife groups

Question 415

What are two inevitable changes that occur due to regeneration?

Answer 415

* Changes in the physical fabric of an area (buildings, street patterns) * Changes in the population as newcomers move in

Question 416

What is the main goal of local governments in creating sympathetic business environments?

Answer 416

To attract domestic and foreign investors through local plans ## Footnote Local plans designate areas for development, including Science Parks.

Question 417

Who primarily makes planning decisions in local areas?

Answer 417

Local councils ## Footnote Local councils create Unitary Development Plans.

Question 418

What do Unitary Development Plans identify?

Answer 418

* Areas for new housing * New roads and major infrastructure * Areas for commercial development ## Footnote Commercial development includes factories, offices, and retail spaces.

Question 419

What types of spaces must planning provide to create attractive environments for businesses?

Answer 419

* Retail parks and shopping centres * Business parks for office functions * Industrial parks for manufacturing and distribution ## Footnote These spaces aim to support a successful community.

Question 420

What industries are increasingly targeted for attraction in local development plans?

Answer 420

* ICT * Pharmaceuticals * Biotechnology * Nanotechnology * 3D printing * Space research ## Footnote These fields are categorized as high-value quaternary industries.

Question 421

What are science parks?

Answer 421

Industrial and business parks focused on the quaternary industry, often involving a university partner ## Footnote They serve as a key planning mechanism for local development.

Question 422

How many science parks and business incubators are there approximately in the UK?

Answer 422

Over 100 ## Footnote These are typically owned by TNCs, universities, and local councils.

Question 423

Where are most science parks and business incubators located in the UK?

Answer 423

London, the South, and South East ## Footnote This geographical concentration reflects investment and development trends.

Question 424

What is NETPark?

Answer 424

A science park in Sedgefield, County Durham partnered with Durham University ## Footnote Development began in 2000 on a former hospital site.

Question 425

How many companies does NETPark host and approximately how many people do they employ?

Answer 425

25 companies employing about 400 people ## Footnote The park collaborates with various partners, including Durham County Council.

Question 426

What role does Business Durham play?

Answer 426

Manages a portfolio of business property and attracts investment ## Footnote It focuses on finding suitable spaces for businesses to grow, including commercial office space and laboratories.

Question 427

What does DEFRA stand for?

Answer 427

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ## Footnote DEFRA is a UK government department responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries, and rural communities.

Question 428

Who are some partners DEFRA works with?

Answer 428

* Local government networks * Civil society organisations (e.g., Pub is the Hub, the Plunkett Foundation) * Local action groups * Business groups * Charities (e.g., National Trust) * Rural Coalition (including NFU and CPRE) ## Footnote NFU stands for the National Farmers' Union, and CPRE stands for the Campaign to Protect Rural England.

Question 429

How many rural and farming networks have been created in England?

Answer 429

17 ## Footnote These networks are designed to help organise rural policies.

Question 430

True or False: DEFRA only works with government entities.

Answer 430

False ## Footnote DEFRA collaborates with various types of organisations, including civil society, charities, and business groups.

Question 431

Fill in the blank: DEFRA works with organisations like the _______.

Answer 431

Rural Coalition ## Footnote The Rural Coalition includes various stakeholders focused on rural issues.

Question 432

What is the role of local action groups in relation to DEFRA?

Answer 432

Help organise rural policies ## Footnote Local action groups are part of the collaborative efforts to enhance rural community engagement and policy development.

Question 433

What is the strategy for attracting people to remote rural areas?

Answer 433

To attract people and get them to stay.

Question 434

What inspired the works of the Brontë sisters?

Answer 434

The bleak, wild moorland of the Pennine Hills in West Yorkshire and East Lancashire.

Question 435

What is a tourist hotspot in Bronte Country?

Answer 435

The village of Haworth.

Question 436

What museum is located in Haworth?

Answer 436

The Brontë Parsonage Museum.

Question 437

What attractions are encouraged for visitors in Bronte Country?

Answer 437

* Pondon Hall * Wildfell Hall

Question 438

What film was produced about the Brontë sisters?

Answer 438

'Brontë Country: The Story of the Emily, Charlotte & Anne Brontë.'

Question 439

What does the Northumberland Coastal Route promote?

Answer 439

* Coastal castles (Warkworth, Dunstanburgh, Bamburgh) * Historic Lindisfarne Gospels

Question 440

Which castle was a filming location for the Harry Potter films?

Answer 440

Alnwick Castle.

Question 441

What is Kielder Water and Forest Park known as?

Answer 441

An 'outdoor nature playground.'

Question 442

What significant features were built in Kielder in the 1930s?

Answer 442

A large coniferous plantation and an 11 km long reservoir.

Question 443

How many visitors does Kielder attract annually?

Answer 443

350,000 visitors.

Question 444

What outdoor activities can be done at Kielder?

Answer 444

* Walking * Fishing * Birdwatching * Stargazing * Archery * Mini golf

Question 445

What wildlife can be found in Kielder?

Answer 445

* Red squirrels * Ospreys

Question 446

What type of tourism is promoted by the Observatory for Dark Skies in Kielder?

Answer 446

Astrotourism.

Question 447

What was Blaenau Ffestiniog known for in the past?

Answer 447

An important centre for slate production.

Question 448

What adventure tourism attractions are found in Blaenau Ffestiniog?

Answer 448

* Zip World * Bounce Below * Antur Stiniog downhill mountain bike trails

Question 449

What is a notable feature of Zip World?

Answer 449

Zip wire rides that can reach speeds of 70 miles per hour.

Question 450

What is the challenge faced by rural areas in the UK?

Answer 450

The rural economy tends to be very seasonal and weather dependent.

Question 451

True or False: Outdoor activities such as walking significantly contribute to the rural economy.

Answer 451

False.

Question 452

What do rural areas need to do to remain economically viable?

Answer 452

Fight hard to attract people and get them to stay and spend.

Question 453

What are some rural rebranding strategies in the post-production countryside?

Answer 453

Strategies include: * Heritage and literary associations * Farm diversification and specialised products * Outdoor pursuits and adventure * Making places attractive to tourists

Question 454

What does the term 'post production countryside' refer to?

Answer 454

Rural areas that no longer rely on food production and primary sector employment like fishing, forestry, and quarrying.

Question 455

Why are some rural areas harder to rebrand?

Answer 455

Due to their relative isolation, making it difficult to attract visitors and investors.

Question 456

What is the importance of getting visitors to stay at least one night in rural areas?

Answer 456

Visitors spend money on accommodation and food.

Question 457

What are necessary accommodations to attract visitors to rural areas?

Answer 457

A range of accommodation options including: * Campsites * Bothies * B&Bs * Expensive hotels

Question 458

What is farm diversification?

Answer 458

Finding new income sources to replace farming as the main source of income, especially in leisure and tourism.

Question 459

What type of rural areas find farm diversification easier?

Answer 459

Accessible rural areas located 15-30 minutes from cities.

Question 460

What is an example of a diversified rural business mentioned in the text?

Answer 460

The Milkhope Centre in Northumberland.

Question 461

What types of specialised products can be produced in diversified farms?

Answer 461

Examples of specialised products include: * Outdoor clothing * Organically produced meat and vegetables * Cheese * Buffalo meat

Question 462

Fill in the blank: The post production countryside aims to attract _______ to spend their money.

Answer 462

[national and international tourists and visitors]

Question 463

True or False: The Milkhope Centre is located in a remote area.

Answer 463

False

Question 464

What was regenerated by the Merseyside Development Corporation between 1981 and 1988?

Answer 464

320 ha of the derelict Albert Docks into a maritime museum, shops, and apartments. ## Footnote The Albert Docks are historic and significant in Liverpool's maritime heritage.

Question 465

What designation did the historic Merseyside waterfront receive in 2004?

Answer 465

UNESCO World Heritage Site. ## Footnote This recognition highlights the cultural and historical importance of the waterfront.

Question 466

When did the Tate Liverpool art gallery open?

Answer 466

1988. ## Footnote This gallery is part of the regeneration of the Albert Docks.

Question 467

What museum opened in Liverpool in 1990?

Answer 467

'the Beatles Story' museum. ## Footnote This museum emphasizes the cultural significance of the Beatles to the city.

Question 468

What was the former name of Liverpool John Lennon Airport?

Answer 468

Liverpool Speke Airport. ## Footnote The rebranding in 2002 highlighted the connection with the Beatles.

Question 469

In what year was Liverpool the European Capital of Culture?

Answer 469

2008. ## Footnote This event led to significant investment in arts and infrastructure.

Question 470

How much was invested in arts and infrastructure during Liverpool's tenure as the European Capital of Culture?

Answer 470

About £4 billion. ## Footnote This investment aimed to enhance the cultural landscape of the city.

Question 471

What is Liverpool ONE?

Answer 471

A £900 million shopping and leisure hub regenerated in 2008. ## Footnote It represents a significant part of the city's retail transformation.

Question 472

What major facilities are included in the regeneration of Princes Dock?

Answer 472

Liverpool Cruise Terminal, Malmaison and Crowne Plaza hotels, and apartments. ## Footnote This regeneration is part of the larger Liverpool Waters project.

Question 473

What is the scale of the Liverpool Waters project?

Answer 473

65 km long, £75 billion growth project. ## Footnote This project includes 2 km of waterfront, 9000 flats, shops, and office space.

Question 474

What is the purpose of the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter?

Answer 474

A quaternary sector regeneration cluster. ## Footnote It includes a Science Park and Life Science Centre, partnered with Liverpool John Moores University.

Question 475

What year was the Science Park established in the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter?

Answer 475

2006. ## Footnote This facility is part of the initiative to enhance technological development in the area.

Question 476

What year was the Life Science Centre established in the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter?

Answer 476

2013. ## Footnote This centre focuses on life sciences and innovation in collaboration with local universities.

Question 477

What is the height of the proposed Shanghai Tower in Liverpool Waters?

Answer 477

55 stories. ## Footnote It is planned to be the tallest skyscraper outside London.

Question 478

Fill in the blank: The Liverpool Waters project aims to attract _______ business.

Answer 478

Chinese. ## Footnote The city is twinned with Shanghai, enhancing international business relations.

Question 479

True or False: The Liverpool Waters project includes plans for cruise terminals.

Answer 479

True. ## Footnote Cruise terminals are part of the waterfront development strategy.

Question 480

What is the primary focus of rebranding for UK deindustrialised cities?

Answer 480

Creating specific place identity based on industrial heritage to attract national and international tourists

Question 481

Name three UK cities that have struggled with rebranding.

Answer 481

Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield

Question 482

List some methods used by deindustrialised cities to rebrand themselves.

Answer 482

* Turning industrial history into heritage assets * Redeveloping warehouses and old industrial buildings * Building modern apartments and hotels * Using local art, artists, and music

Question 483

What type of developments have been made on land once occupied by industry?

Answer 483

Modern apartments and hotels

Question 484

What recreational features have been created in regenerated deindustrialised cities?

Answer 484

Marinas and canals for leisure

Question 485

True or False: The closure of industry and loss of jobs is typically viewed as an asset for marketing.

Answer 485

False

Question 486

In what year was Liverpool the sixth most visited UK city by international visitors?

Answer 486

2014

Question 487

What cultural heritage is particularly highlighted in Liverpool's rebranding efforts?

Answer 487

The Beatles' heritage

Question 488

Fill in the blank: Deindustrialised cities often create _______ to celebrate past achievements.

Answer 488

museums, historical trails, and public art works

Question 489

What is a significant challenge faced by deindustrialised UK cities in their rebranding efforts?

Answer 489

The negative association with the closure of industry and derelict land

Question 490

What is rebranding?

Answer 490

Rebranding involves re-imaging places using a variety of media to improve the image of both urban and rural locations and make them more attractive for potential investors.

Question 491

What is regeneration in the context of urban and rural areas?

Answer 491

Regeneration usually involves rebranding - changing the perceived image of a place to outsiders, as well as physically regenerating an area.

Question 492

Why is regeneration important?

Answer 492

Successfully regenerated places become locations people want to live in, work in and visit as well as making them more attractive to investors.

Question 493

What is the primary goal of most regeneration efforts?

Answer 493

Most regeneration is not just for the existing population, but attempts to draw in new people.

Question 494

What types of media are used during regeneration?

Answer 494

* Positive news stories and public relations during regeneration to get an area known * Advertising in newspapers and online * The use of logos and slogans to project an image to the outside world

Question 495

Why are logos and slogans important in rebranding?

Answer 495

Logos and slogans have become especially important in a media-obsessed world, where places need to catch the attention of potential visitors and investors quickly.

Question 496

Fill in the blank: 'Visit Malton' markets Malton, Yorkshire as a _______.

Answer 496

food town

Question 497

What slogan was associated with the 2015 Food Lovers Festival in Malton?

Answer 497

'We Love Malton'

Question 498

What does 'Wild Scotland' emphasize in its marketing?

Answer 498

Wild Scotland markets its landscape and wildlife - mountains with an eagle and lake/body of water.

Question 499

What does the National Museum of the Royal Navy Hartlepool stress in its branding?

Answer 499

Hartlepool stresses its maritime heritage as an historic port.

Question 500

Fill in the blank: The logo of the National Museum of the Royal Navy Hartlepool features a _______.

Answer 500

white frigate

Question 501

What is a key element in the marketing strategy of regenerated places?

Answer 501

Using different types of media to create a positive image.

Question 502

What is the main goal of regeneration in living environments?

Answer 502

To lead to an improvement in the living environment

Question 503

Name one method of environmental improvement in regeneration.

Answer 503

Redeveloping derelict land and buildings

Question 504

What contaminants are often removed from former industrial sites?

Answer 504

Chemical and dangerous organic substances

Question 505

What types of new spaces are created during regeneration?

Answer 505

Parks and green spaces, lakes and wetlands

Question 506

What is one improvement made to urban infrastructure during regeneration?

Answer 506

New street furniture, pavements, and lighting

Question 507

How does regeneration improve housing?

Answer 507

By adding double-glazing and insulation

Question 508

What is one aim of reducing air pollution levels?

Answer 508

To improve people's health

Question 509

What type of environments do regeneration efforts aim to create for people?

Answer 509

Safe environments for walking, playing, and practicing sport

Question 510

Who benefits from improved living conditions in regenerated areas?

Answer 510

People living in warm, dry, secure homes

Question 511

What is included in the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)?

Answer 511

Indoor and outdoor environmental quality

Question 512

What major event is cited as a good example of environmental improvement?

Answer 512

The 2012 London Olympics in Stratford

Question 513

How much new greenspace was created during the 2012 London Olympics?

Answer 513

100 ha of new greenspace

Question 514

What was removed and cleaned from the site of the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 514

230,000 cubic metres of contaminated groundwater

Question 515

How many new homes were created for people after the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 515

2800 new homes

Question 516

What improvements in transport were made after the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 516

Improvements in rail, bus routes, and cycle routes

Question 517

Fill in the blank: Regeneration aims to create safer urban environments for _______.

Answer 517

children, pedestrians and cyclists

Question 518

True or False: Regeneration efforts do not focus on reducing energy costs.

Answer 518

False

Question 519

What is the main goal of regeneration in living environments?

Answer 519

To lead to an improvement in the living environment

Question 520

Name one method of environmental improvement in regeneration.

Answer 520

Redeveloping derelict land and buildings

Question 521

What contaminants are often removed from former industrial sites?

Answer 521

Chemical and dangerous organic substances

Question 522

What types of new spaces are created during regeneration?

Answer 522

Parks and green spaces, lakes and wetlands

Question 523

What is one improvement made to urban infrastructure during regeneration?

Answer 523

New street furniture, pavements, and lighting

Question 524

How does regeneration improve housing?

Answer 524

By adding double-glazing and insulation

Question 525

What is one aim of reducing air pollution levels?

Answer 525

To improve people's health

Question 526

What type of environments do regeneration efforts aim to create for people?

Answer 526

Safe environments for walking, playing, and practicing sport

Question 527

Who benefits from improved living conditions in regenerated areas?

Answer 527

People living in warm, dry, secure homes

Question 528

What is included in the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)?

Answer 528

Indoor and outdoor environmental quality

Question 529

What major event is cited as a good example of environmental improvement?

Answer 529

The 2012 London Olympics in Stratford

Question 530

How much new greenspace was created during the 2012 London Olympics?

Answer 530

100 ha of new greenspace

Question 531

What was removed and cleaned from the site of the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 531

230,000 cubic metres of contaminated groundwater

Question 532

How many new homes were created for people after the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 532

2800 new homes

Question 533

What improvements in transport were made after the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 533

Improvements in rail, bus routes, and cycle routes

Question 534

Fill in the blank: Regeneration aims to create safer urban environments for _______.

Answer 534

children, pedestrians and cyclists

Question 535

True or False: Regeneration efforts do not focus on reducing energy costs.

Answer 535

False

Question 536

What is social progress measured by?

Answer 536

Reductions in inequalities and improvements in social measures of deprivation and demographic changes ## Footnote Includes improvements in life expectancy and reductions in health deprivation.

Question 537

Which cities were identified as the top five most unequal in the UK?

Answer 537

London, Reading and Bracknell, Portsmouth, Guildford, and Aberdeen ## Footnote Based on wage differences according to a 2013 report by the Work Foundation.

Question 538

Which cities were identified as the top five most equal in the UK?

Answer 538

Bradford, Plymouth, Barnsley, Stoke, and Burnley ## Footnote According to the same 2013 report by the Work Foundation.

Question 539

How do northern cities compare to southern cities in terms of equality?

Answer 539

Northern cities are much more equal than their more successful southern counterparts ## Footnote This is attributed to a larger portion of the population being poor in northern cities.

Question 540

What regeneration efforts have been seen in Greater Manchester since the 1980s?

Answer 540

Regeneration in Salford Quays, East Manchester for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, and city centre redevelopment after the 1996 IRA bombing ## Footnote These efforts are part of ongoing urban regeneration initiatives.

Question 541

What was the percentage increase in working age employed full-time in Manchester from 2001-2011?

Answer 541

0.8% ## Footnote This statistic reflects employment changes during that period.

Question 542

What was the decrease in working age with no qualifications in Trafford?

Answer 542

6.1% ## Footnote This indicates an improvement in educational qualifications in Trafford.

Question 543

What was the change in infant mortality per 1000 live births in Manchester from 2001-2011?

Answer 543

Decrease of 3.7 ## Footnote This reflects improvements in health metrics.

Question 544

Which area experienced the least progress according to the data?

Answer 544

Salford ## Footnote Compared to Manchester and Trafford, Salford showed slower improvement.

Question 545

What was the percentage increase in Manchester's population from 2001-2014?

Answer 545

22% ## Footnote This is a significant growth compared to Salford's 11% and Trafford's similar figures.

Question 546

True or False: Manchester had the best improvements in qualifications and infant mortality among the three areas.

Answer 546

True ## Footnote Manchester's progress outpaced both Salford and Trafford.

Question 547

What percentage of Liverpool residents felt the city was a better place to live after being European Capital of Culture in 2008?

Answer 547

85%

Question 548

How many jobs did the Merseyside Development Corporation create between 1981 and 1998?

Answer 548

22,000 jobs

Question 549

What amount of private investment did the Merseyside Development Corporation attract?

Answer 549

£700,000

Question 550

How many additional jobs were created in Liverpool between 1998 and 2008?

Answer 550

25,000 jobs

Question 551

True or False: Child poverty in Liverpool decreased from 34.7% in 2006 to 32.5% in 2011.

Answer 551

True

Question 552

What was the England average for child poverty in 2011?

Answer 552

20.1%

Question 553

What was the child poverty rate in Reading in 2011?

Answer 553

17.8%

Question 554

Fill in the blank: Although Newcastle and Liverpool have changes in employment numbers, they are still worse than other places in terms of _______.

Answer 554

levels of deprivation

Question 555

What are the key measures to assess the success of economic regeneration?

Answer 555

Measures of income, poverty, and employment ## Footnote This includes both relative and absolute changes within areas and comparisons to more successful areas.

Question 556

What is a key indicator of successful regeneration?

Answer 556

Population change ## Footnote Demographic growth indicates that areas are popular and people are moving in.

Question 557

What was the population of Liverpool in 1961 and 2001?

Answer 557

683,000 in 1961 and 439,000 in 2001 ## Footnote The 2011 census showed an increase to 466,000, marking the first growth in 50 years.

Question 558

What was the population of 20-24 year olds in Ouseburn in 2001?

Answer 558

Just over 2000 ## Footnote In 2011, this population increased to over 4,500.

Question 559

What demographic change occurred in the working population aged 25-64 in Ouseburn?

Answer 559

Increased population ## Footnote Suggests that people are moving into new apartments and houses.

Question 560

What trend was observed in the 70+ population in Ouseburn?

Answer 560

Declined population ## Footnote Indicates that older residents may be pushed out by regeneration.

Question 561

What significant change occurred in the 15-24 year old population in Ouseburn due to regeneration?

Answer 561

Huge increase in population ## Footnote Much of the recent regeneration has involved new student accommodation, leading to 'studentification'.

Question 562

What is 'studentification'?

Answer 562

When an area becomes popular with students ## Footnote This can lead to dramatic changes in the age profile of an area.

Question 563

What are some issues associated with areas populated by students?

Answer 563

Noise issues, transient nature, and late-night activity ## Footnote These factors can lead to mixed feelings among local residents.

Question 564

What did the IMD data from 2004 and 2015 indicate about Newcastle's quayside regeneration?

Answer 564

Improved areas moved out of the 10% most deprived categories ## Footnote Areas to the east and west remain in the 10% most deprived category.

Question 565

What does the regeneration data suggest about inequality?

Answer 565

Greater inequality between regenerated areas and nearby areas with no regeneration ## Footnote Indicates that while some areas improved, others remained deprived.

Question 566

When did Doncaster's Earth Centre open?

Answer 566

1999

Question 567

What was the size of the site where Doncaster's Earth Centre was built?

Answer 567

160 hectares

Question 568

What former site was Doncaster's Earth Centre built on?

Answer 568

Cadeby Main Colliery

Question 569

What was the primary focus of Doncaster's Earth Centre?

Answer 569

Sustainable lifestyles

Question 570

How much funding did Doncaster's Earth Centre receive from the Millennium Commission?

Answer 570

£42 million

Question 571

In what year did Doncaster's Earth Centre close?

Answer 571

2004

Question 572

How many employees lost their jobs when Doncaster's Earth Centre closed?

Answer 572

Around 75

Question 573

What was the target number of visitors per year for Doncaster's Earth Centre to be viable?

Answer 573

150,000

Question 574

How many visitors did Doncaster's Earth Centre actually attract per year?

Answer 574

37,000

Question 575

What was one reason for the failure of Doncaster's Earth Centre?

Answer 575

Location was not very accessible

Question 576

What type of experience did local people have regarding the area of Doncaster's Earth Centre?

Answer 576

Coal mining and its heritage

Question 577

What does 'lived experience' refer to?

Answer 577

People's feelings about a place, its importance, and meaning to them

Question 578

What is the reality of South Yorkshire in terms of its identity?

Answer 578

Industrial and agricultural place

Question 579

What do interpretive centres often lack that families desire?

Answer 579

Attractions like rides

Question 580

What is a key concern of the local council in Salford Quays regeneration?

Answer 580

Attracting investment through landmark buildings and interesting architecture plus reduced deprivation levels ## Footnote Measured by job creation numbers, vacant/derelict land usage, and IMD data trends.

Question 581

What do existing residents want from the regeneration of Salford Quays?

Answer 581

Better housing, community facilities, job opportunities, and an improved environment ## Footnote Hard-to-measure factors include 'community spirit', rising incomes, improved health, life expectancy, and increased access to services.

Question 582

What motivates property developers in the regeneration process?

Answer 582

Profit maximization through increased sales and rental values ## Footnote Factors include profit versus investment ratios, number of investors, and increase in land value.

Question 583

How do local businesses benefit from the regeneration of Salford Quays?

Answer 583

Increased local population, particularly wealthier residents, boosting trade and profits ## Footnote Indicators include rising population numbers, especially the young, and hiring rates of new employees.

Question 584

What are the national government's priorities regarding regeneration in Salford Quays?

Answer 584

Regeneration that aligns with national priorities like the northern powerhouse and reduced dependency on benefits ## Footnote Measured by reduced out-migration and increases in regional output/CVA.

Question 585

Fill in the blank: The local council measures success in regeneration by job creation numbers and _______.

Answer 585

areas of vacant/derelict land brought back into use

Question 586

True or False: Existing residents prioritize improved health and life expectancy in Salford Quays regeneration.

Answer 586

True

Question 587

What is one hard-to-measure factor that existing residents value in regeneration?

Answer 587

'Community spirit' ## Footnote Other factors include rising incomes, improved health, and increased access to services.

Question 588

Fill in the blank: Property developers are concerned with profit versus _______.

Answer 588

investment ratios

Question 589

How does the regeneration of Salford Quays fit into the concept of the northern powerhouse?

Answer 589

It aims to enhance the economic power and significance of northern cities, especially Greater Manchester ## Footnote This includes reducing dependency on benefits and promoting regional economic growth.

Question 590

What is the main focus of the study regarding Salford Quays?

Answer 590

The strategies used in the regeneration of an urban place and the contested nature of these decisions within local communities.

Question 591

What attitude is mentioned that reflects local opposition to development?

Answer 591

NIMBYism.

Question 592

What variables can be used to judge the changes in urban areas?

Answer 592

Economic, social, demographic, and environmental variables.

Question 593

What do different stakeholders assess to judge the success of regeneration?

Answer 593

Contrasting criteria based on their lived experiences and the impact of change.

Question 594

Who are considered stakeholders in urban regeneration?

Answer 594

Residents, environmentalists, businesses, local councils, and planners.

Question 595

What significant transformation occurred in Salford Quays by the 1980s?

Answer 595

The area became derelict and abandoned.

Question 596

What development plan was implemented in Salford Quays from 1985 to 1995?

Answer 596

About 90 hectares of former industrial land were developed by Salford City Council and private investors.

Question 597

What landmark building opened in Salford Quays in 2000?

Answer 597

The Lowry theatre and gallery.

Question 598

What landmark building opened in Salford Quays in 2001?

Answer 598

The Imperial War Museum North.

Question 599

What major development took place in Salford Quays from 2007 to 2011?

Answer 599

MediaCity UK, housing the BBC and ITV Granada.

Question 600

What was the sale price of apartments in NV Buildings in 2016?

Answer 600

Up to £825,000.

Question 601

In a recent apartment development, what percentage of apartments were sold to local people?

Answer 601

50%.

Question 602

What percentage of apartments in the Dock Office development were sold to Chinese investors?

Answer 602

25%.

Question 603

How many of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford went to local people in 2012?

Answer 603

Only 24.

Question 604

What did local historians and residents express upset over in 2013?

Answer 604

The demolition of two iconic industrial quayside cranes.

Question 605

What is the historical name of the area now called Salford Quays?

Answer 605

Salford Docklands.

Question 606

Why was the name 'Salford Quays' chosen over its historical name?

Answer 606

The historical name sounded too industrial when regeneration began.

Question 607

What are the criteria by which to judge successful rural regeneration?

Answer 607

Environmental impact, community impact, job creation, investment promise ## Footnote These criteria can vary at local and national levels.

Question 608

What local factors can oppose rural regeneration?

Answer 608

Environmental concerns, community impact ## Footnote Local opposition can arise even if regeneration promises economic benefits.

Question 609

Why did the promise of jobs fail to convince all in Aberdeenshire about large-scale plans?

Answer 609

Concerns over environmental and community impacts ## Footnote Local sentiment can be resistant even in the face of economic promises.

Question 610

What seems to have swayed the Scottish Government regarding rural regeneration?

Answer 610

Promise of jobs and investment ## Footnote National perspectives can differ significantly from local views.

Question 611

What has 'out-trumped' Trump's plans at the UK level?

Answer 611

Targets for renewable energy, specifically windfarms ## Footnote National energy goals can override individual opposition.

Question 612

What does Nimbyism stand for?

Answer 612

Not in my backyard ## Footnote It describes the tendency of people to oppose local changes despite supporting them in principle.

Question 613

What are classic examples of Nimbyism in this context?

Answer 613

Locals' objections to Trump's plans, Trump's objection to wind turbines ## Footnote Both illustrate resistance to change in one's own area.

Question 614

What is the focus of the study in 4A.12A?

Answer 614

Strategies used in the restructuring of a rural place and the contested nature of these decisions within local communities

Question 615

What was the population growth of Balmedie from 2003 to 2012?

Answer 615

From 1850 to 2520 people, an increase of 36%

Question 616

What type of area is Balmedie primarily known for?

Answer 616

A traditional farming area

Question 617

Who bought the Menie Estate in Balmedie in 2006?

Answer 617

Donald Trump

Question 618

How much did Donald Trump plan to invest in the luxury golf resort?

Answer 618

£1 billion

Question 619

What is the name of the golf resort planned by Donald Trump?

Answer 619

Trump International Golf Links

Question 620

How many jobs was the luxury golf resort expected to create?

Answer 620

1200 jobs

Question 621

List the main components of the planned development by Donald Trump.

Answer 621

* Luxury hotel * 1500 new houses

Question 622

What local group was formed to oppose Trump's plans?

Answer 622

'Tripping up Trump'

Question 623

What were the concerns of the local council regarding Trump's development?

Answer 623

Some of it encroached on greenbelt land

Question 624

Which organization opposed the destruction of sand dunes?

Answer 624

Scottish Natural Heritage

Question 625

What is the significance of the sand dunes in Balmedie?

Answer 625

Some are part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest

Question 626

Which organization opposed the destruction of habitats for birds?

Answer 626

RSPB Scotland

Question 627

Who is Michael Forbes in relation to the Menie Estate?

Answer 627

A local farmer who refused to sell his land to Trump

Question 628

What was the amount offered to Michael Forbes for his land?

Answer 628

£450,000

Question 629

What did residents object to regarding Trump's development?

Answer 629

The threat of their homes being bulldozed

Question 630

What was the outcome of Aberdeenshire Council's decision in 2007 regarding Trump's planning application?

Answer 630

It was turned down

Question 631

Who approved Trump's planning application on appeal in 2008?

Answer 631

The Scottish Government

Question 632

What was Trump's response to the offshore windfarm plans opposite the Menie Estate?

Answer 632

He fought a losing battle and eventually lost an appeal to the Supreme Court

Question 633

By 2016, how many people were employed by Trump International Golf Links?

Answer 633

95 people

Question 634

What status does the golf course hold during the winter?

Answer 634

It is not open

Question 635

What is the current population of Scarborough?

Answer 635

61,000 ## Footnote Scarborough is located in North Yorkshire.

Question 636

What significant historical event took place in Scarborough during the 1640s?

Answer 636

English Civil War devastated much of the town.

Question 637

What notable feature attracted high-class Londoners to Scarborough in 1627?

Answer 637

Medicinal spring water and Scarborough Spa.

Question 638

What was the significance of the Scarborough Fair?

Answer 638

A 6-week fair that ran for almost 500 years.

Question 639

How did the accessibility to Scarborough improve in the 18-19th century?

Answer 639

Scarborough-York railway.

Question 640

What major construction occurred in Scarborough due to an influx of visitors in the 18-19th century?

Answer 640

Grand Hotel, one of the largest hotels globally at the time.

Question 641

What disaster occurred in Scarborough in 1993?

Answer 641

Landslides caused part of Holbeck Hall Hotel to fall into the sea.

Question 642

What is the current population of High Wycombe?

Answer 642

125,000 ## Footnote High Wycombe is located in Buckinghamshire, in south-east England.

Question 643

What was High Wycombe known for during the Mediaeval-Tudor period?

Answer 643

Mill town manufacturing lace and linene.

Question 644

What industry was prominent in High Wycombe during the 17-18th century?

Answer 644

Paper industry due to Wye water rich in chalk for bleaching pulp.

Question 645

What type of chairs was High Wycombe known for in the 19th century?

Answer 645

Windsor chairs.

Question 646

What social issue affected High Wycombe in the 1920s?

Answer 646

Decay into slums.

Question 647

What initiative was taken by councils in the 1930s in High Wycombe?

Answer 647

Slum clearance scheme, demolishing and rehousing areas.

Question 648

What economic issue did High Wycombe face due to deindustrialization in the 1960s?

Answer 648

Severe unemployment and economic problems.

Question 649

What has happened to the fishing industry?

Answer 649

Severely declined ## Footnote Despite its decline, the fishing industry is still operational.

Question 650

What type of tourism does Scarborough now attract?

Answer 650

Cheap, short-stay visits ## Footnote Scarborough remains a tourism destination.

Question 651

What award did Scarborough win in 2008?

Answer 651

Britain's Most Enterprising Town ## Footnote This was due to the growth of creative industries.

Question 652

Which roads connect Scarborough to North and West Yorkshire?

Answer 652

A64, A165, A170, A171 ## Footnote A64 links to Leeds, York, and Scarborough; A165 links Scarborough to Hull.

Question 653

What is the nearest airport to Scarborough?

Answer 653

Humberside airport ## Footnote It is two hours drive away.

Question 654

Name one furniture manufacturer still operating in Scarborough.

Answer 654

Verco or Stewart Linford ## Footnote Other manufacturers, like Chippy Heath, have shut down over time.

Question 655

What notable survey was conducted in 2007 regarding Wycombe district?

Answer 655

GMB Union Survey ## Footnote It ranked Wycombe district as the 4th dirtiest in South East and 26th in the UK.

Question 656

Which areas have high levels of deprivation?

Answer 656

Castleford, Micklefield, Terriers, Totteridge ## Footnote These areas are noted for significant socio-economic challenges.

Question 657

When did the Wycombe Swan theatre open?

Answer 657

1992 ## Footnote This theater has been a cultural venue in the area.

Question 658

What does the M40 connect?

Answer 658

London to Birmingham ## Footnote It is a key motorway facilitating travel between these two cities.

Question 659

What is significant about the M4 corridor?

Answer 659

Preferred location for hi-tech industry in the UK ## Footnote It is a crucial area for technological development.

Question 660

What bus services operate from High Wycombe?

Answer 660

To Reading, Slough, Aylesbury, Heathrow Airport, Maidenhead ## Footnote These services enhance connectivity in the region.

Question 661

What railway line does High Wycombe railway station connect to?

Answer 661

Chiltern Main Line ## Footnote This line connects to London Marylebone, Aylesbury, Oxford, and Birmingham.

Question 662

How far is Heathrow airport from High Wycombe?

Answer 662

4 minutes away ## Footnote This proximity offers significant travel convenience.

Question 663

What role does Brunswick Shopping Centre serve in the area?

Answer 663

Acts as an anchor, using national popular shops to attract visitors ## Footnote Shops include Topshop and Debenhams

Question 664

What types of shops are located further down the high street from the Brunswick Shopping Centre?

Answer 664

Traditional seaside shops and pubs ## Footnote Also leads onto the seafront with souvenir shops and arcades

Question 665

What is the Rotunda Museum known for?

Answer 665

One of the UK's oldest purpose-built museums, displaying fossils and Gristhorpe Man ## Footnote Underwent development and reopened in 2008 as a national centre for geology

Question 666

When was the Open Air Theatre built and when was it restored?

Answer 666

Built in 1932, restored and reopened in 2010 ## Footnote The restoration was attended by the Queen

Question 667

What happened to The Futurist Theatre in 2014?

Answer 667

Closed when the operator's lease expired ## Footnote The owner of Flamingo Land plans to develop a new attraction in its place

Question 668

What is the planned development for the site of The Futurist Theatre?

Answer 668

A roller coaster, botanical gardens, and a 55 m lighthouse structure called 'Flamingo Land Coast' ## Footnote Aimed at attracting children and families

Question 669

What has the Ruskin River Homes Development transformed?

Answer 669

An original Victorian factory into contemporary apartments ## Footnote Development includes 12 two-bedroom apartments

Question 670

What is Leigh Street earmarked for?

Answer 670

Development to create a vibrant new business and residential community ## Footnote Planning consent awarded by Wycombe District Council in October 2017

Question 671

What significant investment was made at the Eden Centre?

Answer 671

Multi-million pound programme to transform the town with shopping and entertainment complex ## Footnote Opened in March 2008, includes a new multi-storey car park and bus station

Question 672

What complaints did the Bucks Free Press receive about the Eden Centre?

Answer 672

Complaints about the design, particularly the lack of a proper roof ## Footnote Resulted in comparisons to a 'wind tunnel'

Question 673

What impact did the Eden Centre have on the high street?

Answer 673

Deprived shops on the high street, which is now dominated by charity shops and banks ## Footnote Shops like M&S moved from the high street to the centre

Question 674

What role does Brunswick Shopping Centre serve in the area?

Answer 674

Acts as an anchor, using national popular shops to attract visitors ## Footnote Shops include Topshop and Debenhams

Question 675

What types of shops are located further down the high street from the Brunswick Shopping Centre?

Answer 675

Traditional seaside shops and pubs ## Footnote Also leads onto the seafront with souvenir shops and arcades

Question 676

What is the Rotunda Museum known for?

Answer 676

One of the UK's oldest purpose-built museums, displaying fossils and Gristhorpe Man ## Footnote Underwent development and reopened in 2008 as a national centre for geology

Question 677

When was the Open Air Theatre built and when was it restored?

Answer 677

Built in 1932, restored and reopened in 2010 ## Footnote The restoration was attended by the Queen

Question 678

What happened to The Futurist Theatre in 2014?

Answer 678

Closed when the operator's lease expired ## Footnote The owner of Flamingo Land plans to develop a new attraction in its place

Question 679

What is the planned development for the site of The Futurist Theatre?

Answer 679

A roller coaster, botanical gardens, and a 55 m lighthouse structure called 'Flamingo Land Coast' ## Footnote Aimed at attracting children and families

Question 680

What has the Ruskin River Homes Development transformed?

Answer 680

An original Victorian factory into contemporary apartments ## Footnote Development includes 12 two-bedroom apartments

Question 681

What is Leigh Street earmarked for?

Answer 681

Development to create a vibrant new business and residential community ## Footnote Planning consent awarded by Wycombe District Council in October 2017

Question 682

What significant investment was made at the Eden Centre?

Answer 682

Multi-million pound programme to transform the town with shopping and entertainment complex ## Footnote Opened in March 2008, includes a new multi-storey car park and bus station

Question 683

What complaints did the Bucks Free Press receive about the Eden Centre?

Answer 683

Complaints about the design, particularly the lack of a proper roof ## Footnote Resulted in comparisons to a 'wind tunnel'

Question 684

What impact did the Eden Centre have on the high street?

Answer 684

Deprived shops on the high street, which is now dominated by charity shops and banks ## Footnote Shops like M&S moved from the high street to the centre

Question 685

What are the four main secondary schools in the area?

Answer 685

2 inadequate, 2 good

Question 686

What significant event negatively impacted the town's reputation?

Answer 686

The Holbeck Hall landslide

Question 687

What is the current perception of the town's appeal?

Answer 687

A cheap-short stay alternative for lower-income families

Question 688

What are the employment opportunities like for working-aged people in the town?

Answer 688

Very few

Question 689

What issues plague the town?

Answer 689

Crime and drug abuse

Question 690

What recent trend has been observed in violent crime rates in Yorkshire?

Answer 690

Hit a 10 year high after rising by 29%

Question 691

How many crimes were reported in March 2018?

Answer 691

769 crimes

Question 692

What educational system does Buckinghamshire still have?

Answer 692

Selective education system

Question 693

What is required for children to enter a Grammar School in Buckinghamshire?

Answer 693

Pass the 11+ exam

Question 694

How many Primary schools are in Buckinghamshire?

Answer 694

16 Primary schools

Question 695

How many secondary schools are in Buckinghamshire and how are they rated?

Answer 695

6 secondary schools: 3 outstanding, 3 good

Question 696

Name one of the best independent schools in Buckinghamshire.

Answer 696

Wycombe Abbey

Question 697

What is the name of the university located in Buckinghamshire?

Answer 697

Buckinghamshire New University

Question 698

What do surveys indicate about the reasons people visit the town?

Answer 698

For shopping activities

Question 699

What do residents believe is needed for the town?

Answer 699

Regeneration

Question 700

Which neighborhood is the 3rd most likely to be burgled in England and Wales?

Answer 700

Primrose Hill

Question 701

What tragic event occurred in Primrose Hill in April 2018?

Answer 701

A nurse was killed in an acid attack

Question 702

How many crimes were reported in Primrose Hill in March 2018?

Answer 702

1362 crimes

Question 703

What effect have broadcasted attacks and violence had on the town's image?

Answer 703

Created a bad image, making it seem dangerous for young people

Question 704

What attempts have been made to improve the town's perception?

Answer 704

Regeneration attempts and a new shopping centre

Question 705

What type of facilities do The Sands Apartments and Beach Huts combine?

Answer 705

Apartments on the seafront and aesthetically pleasing colourful beach huts ## Footnote This combination encourages longer-stay visits and capitalizes on the sea view to attract tourists.

Question 706

What are the main attractions of the Sea Life Centre and Alphamare Waterpark?

Answer 706

Attract children and families to the area ## Footnote They are located near the sea views and a hotel.

Question 707

How much did the Market Hall refurbishment cost?

Answer 707

£2.7 million ## Footnote The refurbishment aimed to create a modern market while maintaining the traditional character.

Question 708

What features were added to the Market Hall during its refurbishment?

Answer 708

A gallery floor and food court ## Footnote The food court offers a choice of eateries and unique shops selling bespoke goods.

Question 709

What types of products can be found in the Market Hall?

Answer 709

* Bespoke goods * Handmade jewellery * Art * Cakes * Honey * Handmade soap * Butchers and greengrocers * Delicatessen * Clothing for men, women, and children ## Footnote Casual Trader Stalls also sell a variety of products including jewellery and art photography.

Question 710

What is the current status of the Chiltern shopping centre?

Answer 710

It has declined, with only a few shops remaining ## Footnote Currently, only Wilko, Primark, and Cats' Protection are left, while other shops and the post office have closed.

Question 711

What significant change occurred in the Chiltern shopping centre in 2008?

Answer 711

Primark replaced M&S as an anchor shop ## Footnote This was viewed as an effort to attract and draw shoppers into the area.

Question 712

What facilities does the Wycombe Leisure Centre offer?

Answer 712

* Gym * Sports hall * Swimming pool * Squash courts * Classes * Swimming lessons * Indoor climbing wall ## Footnote The leisure centre's proximity to a Waitrose allows companies to draw visitors from one another.

Question 713

Complete the sentence: The high street is becoming a zone of _______.

Answer 713

discard ## Footnote This indicates a decline in the vitality of the high street.

Question 714

True or False: The Market Hall aims to create a completely modern shopping experience without any traditional elements.

Answer 714

False ## Footnote The refurbishment maintains the authentic character and feel of a traditional market.