L 4- Anatomy Flashcards
(28 cards)
when does implantation of the blastocyst happen?
during the first week of development
What are the layers of the trophoblast?
- cytotrophoblast: inner layer of MONO-nucleated cells
- syncytiotrophoblast: outer MULTI-nucleated WITHOUT distinct cell boundaries, it also contributes to the placenta
another name for embryo blast is…?
inner cell mass
the embryoblast has 2 layers, which are…?
1- hypoblast
2- epiblast
The hypoblast is adjacent to the…?
blastocyst cavity
The Epiblast is adjacent to the…?
amniotic cavity
Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast are called….?
amnioblasts
What are the 5 things that happen in the week of 2’s
- the trophoblast differentiates into 2 layers: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
- the embryoblast forms 2 layers: hypoblast and epiblast
- the extraembryonic mesoderm splits into 2 layers: extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
- 2 cavities form: exocoelmic cavity (primitive yolk sac) and extraembryonic cavity
At the end of the 2nd week, the amniotic cavity is opened to examine the … side of the …
At the end of the 2nd week, the amniotic cavity is opened to examine the dorsal side of the epiblast.
At the end of the 2nd week, the hypoblast and epiblast are in ….
At the end of the 2nd week, the hypoblast and epiblast are in contact with each other.
At the end of the 2nd week, the …. …. forms a shollow groove in the … region of the germ disc
At the end of the 2nd week, the primitive streak forms a shallow groove in the caudal region of the germ disc
At the 3rd week, there is a formation of ( 3 things)
- formation of primitive streak
- formation of the embryonic endoderm and mesoderm from the MIGRATING cells of the epiblast
- -formation of the ectoderm from the remaining cells of the epiblast
At the 3rd week, there is the apperance of the … … at the … end of the … …
In the 3rd week, there is the appearance of the primitive node at the cephalic end of the primitve streak
In the 3rd week the epiblast cells … towards the primitive streak
In the 3rd week the epiblast cells migrate towards the primitive streak
Gastrulation is the formation of the …
trilaminar germ disc
In what day is the notochord formed
day 17
Establishment of the body axes happens in weeks
weeks 2 and 3
Cells in the Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE) express genes essential for the head formation, including the transcription factors…
OTX2 , LIM1, and HESX1
Cerberus contributes to the head development and establishes the…
Cephalic region
Once the primitive streak is formed and gastrulation is progressing, … is secreted throughout the …. … and acts with … to ventralize … into … and … plate …
Once the primitive streak is formed and gastrulation is progressing, BMP4 is secreted throughout the bilaminar disc and acts with FGF to ventralize mesoderm into intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm.
… secreted by the node and primitive streak, establishes …
FGF8 secreted by the node and primitive streak, establishes NODAL
Goosecold, expressed in the … , and this gene together with … and …, inhibits the activity of … , dorsalizing … into … and … … for the … region.
Goosecold, expressed in the NODE, and this gene together with NOGGIN and FOLLISTATIN inhibits the activity of BMP4 , dorsalizing MESODERM into NOTOCHORD and PARAXIAL MESODERM for the HEAD region.
Expression of the … antagonizes … to dorsalize … into … and … mesoderm in … region.
Expression of the BRACHYURY (T) gene antagonizes BMP4 to dorsalize MESODERM into NOTOCHORD and PARAXIAL mesoderm in CAUDAL region.
As the neural plate starts to form, neurotransmitter … increases in concentration on the … side because of its metabolism by … on the …
As the neural plate starts to form, neurotransmitter SEROTONIN (5HT) increases in concentration on the LEFT side because of its metabolism by MAO on the RIGHT
