L 67 Trichinosis and Larva Migrans Flashcards

1
Q

Official word for roundworm

A

Nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you get infected with trichinellosis?

A

Ingest the eggs or larvae from the environment that mature to adults in the intestines
Ingest raw/undercooked meat with encysted larvae (adult and encysted larvae in same host)
Pig, horse, bear, moose, boar, other mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you get infected with cutaneous or visceral larva migrans?

A

Visceral larva migrans: eggs or larvae ingested

Cutaneous larva migrans: larvae penetrate the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infective agent of Trichinellosis

A

Trichinella spiralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where in the body do Trichinella worms go?

A

We eat muscle from an infected animal and the larvae mature in small intestine. Females give birth and the larvae migrate to the most active muscles in the body and encyst intracellularly where they are viable for months to years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Trichinellosis

A

Intestinal phase: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain; symptoms usually abate 2-5 weeks later

Systemic phase: myalgia, facial swelling, eosinophilia, F/C, weakness, headache, cough, subungual splinter hemorrhages; heavy infections may damage the heart (life threatening), CNS, lungs, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trichinellosis diagnosis

A

Myalgia, periorbital edema, eosinophilia, Hx eating pork, bear, etc.
Serological tests 3-5 weeks into infection
Muscle biopsy definitive but not required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trichinellosis treatment

A

DOC: albendazole or mebendazole

Corticosteroids manage inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trichinellosis control

A

Careful control of pig farming techniques, meat inspection, keep mice and rats at bay
Cook well pork and other meats
Freezing will only kill in pork meat but not in bear or other meat
Salting/smoking/drying doesn’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Larva Migrans primary hosts

A

These are a zoonotic infection, prefer GI of dogs, cats, and others
Humans are accidental hosts, rarely do they make it into our guts and rearely do they mature to adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans infection

A

Ingestion of the Eggs from the soil

Ingestion of encysted larva from undercooked liver or meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

Soil-dwelling larvae penetrate human skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causative agents of Visceral Larva Migrans

A

Toxocara canis and T. cati

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who tends to get infected by visceral Larva Migrans?

A

Kids who play in soil
The eggs get into the soil from the feces of dogs and cats and other animals, eggs viable 3-4 weeks later. Prefers warm, moist, soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VLM manifestations

A

Most infections are asymptomatic
14% of people are infected, but only 100 sever cases per year
Symptoms occur from the damage caused by the migrating larva and the host eosinophilic response
Invades mostly LIVER, LUNGS, but also heart, brain, and muscle
Fever, anorexia, weight loss, cough, wheezing, rashes, H/S-megally
Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM): in retina of the eye causing irreversible vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation, Hx, labs
Confirm with serology
Look in eye for OLM

17
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans Treatment

A

DOC: albendazole or mebendazole

18
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans prevention

A
Avoid undercooked meat or liver
Wash hands
Deworm pets
Dispose of pet feces in timely manner
Don't eat dirt
19
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans also known as?

A

Creeping eruption

20
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans causative agents

A

Ancylostoma braziliense
A. caninum
(types of hookworms)

21
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans more commonly found where, and who?

A

tropical
southeastern US
Travelers, beachgoers, kids, those who frequently contact the soil

22
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans manifestation

A

Signs from the inflammatory reaction along the track of the migrating larvae
Pruritic, red papules, elevated, serpiginous, reddish-brown lesions
Usually resolve in 2-8 wks without therapy

23
Q

CLM treatment and prevention

A

DOC: ivermectin or albendazole
Antihistamines for the pruritis

Prevent contamination of environment similar to VLM
Wear shoes, avoid contacting the soil especially in tropical environments