L&J Chp 1

Question 1

“Anaisthaesia”

Answer 1

Insensibility

Question 2

Analgesia

Answer 2

Absence of pain IRT stimulation, which would normally be painful
Generally reserved for describing state in a conscious patient

Question 3

Nociception

Answer 3

Neural process of encoding noxious stimuli

• Physiologic process that underlies conscious perception of pain
• Does not require consciousness
• Can continue unabated during GA if techniques that interrupt/inhibit transduction, transmission, and modulation of nociceptive stimuli are not included

Question 4

Pain

Answer 4

Unpleasant sensory/emotional experience associated with actual/potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

Question 5

Tranquilization

Answer 5

Behavioral change wherein anxiety is relieved
Patient becomes relaxed –> still aware of surroundings
Tranquilizers = drugs that result in tranquilization
–Some prefer anxiolytic/anti-anxiety drug when describing drugs that result in both reduced anxiety and relaxation

Question 6

Sedation

Answer 6

• State characterized by central depression accompanied by drowsiness +/- some degree of centrally induced relaxation
• Generally unaware of surroundings –> can become aroused, is responsive to noxious stimuli
• Not recommended by themselves to immobilize a patient during times which painful stimuli likely to occur

Question 7

Narcosis

Answer 7

Drug-induced state of deep sleep from which patient cannot be easily aroused
+/- accompanied by antinociception, depending on techniques/drugs used

Question 8

Hypnosis

Answer 8

Condition of artificially induced sleep/trance resembling sleep, resulting from moderate depression of the CNS from which the patient is readily aroused

Question 9

Local analgesia/anesthesia

Answer 9

Loss of pain sensation in a circumscribed body area

Question 10

Regional anesthesia/analgesia

Answer 10

Insensibility to pain in a larger, though limited, body area usually defined by a pattern of innervation to the effected nerve(s)

Question 11

General anesthesia

Answer 11

Drug-induced unconsciousness characterized by controlled but reversible depression of the CNS and perception

• Patient not arousable by noxious stimulation
• Sensory, motor, autonomic reflex functions attenuated to varying degrees, depending upon specific drug(s) and technique(s) used

Question 12

Surgical general anesthesia

Answer 12

State/plane of anesthesia that provides unconsciousness, amnesia, muscular relaxation, and hypoalgesia sufficient for painless surgery

Question 13

Balanced anesthesia

Answer 13

Simultaneous use of multiple drugs/techniques
Drugs targeted to attenuate specifically individual components of the anesthetic state –> amnesia, antinociception, muscle relaxation, and alteration of autonomic reflexes

Question 14

Dissociative anesthesia

Answer 14

Induced by drugs that dissociate the thalamocortic and limbic systems

• -Characterized by cataleptoid state in which eyes remain open, swallowing reflexes intact
• -Skeletal muscle hypertonus persists unless strong sedative, peripheral/central muscle relaxant is co-administered