L&J Chp 1 Flashcards
“Anaisthaesia”
Insensibility
Analgesia
Absence of pain IRT stimulation, which would normally be painful
Generally reserved for describing state in a conscious patient
Nociception
Neural process of encoding noxious stimuli
- Physiologic process that underlies conscious perception of pain
- Does not require consciousness
- Can continue unabated during GA if techniques that interrupt/inhibit transduction, transmission, and modulation of nociceptive stimuli are not included
Pain
Unpleasant sensory/emotional experience associated with actual/potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage
Tranquilization
Behavioral change wherein anxiety is relieved
Patient becomes relaxed –> still aware of surroundings
Tranquilizers = drugs that result in tranquilization
–Some prefer anxiolytic/anti-anxiety drug when describing drugs that result in both reduced anxiety and relaxation
Sedation
- State characterized by central depression accompanied by drowsiness +/- some degree of centrally induced relaxation
- Generally unaware of surroundings –> can become aroused, is responsive to noxious stimuli
- Not recommended by themselves to immobilize a patient during times which painful stimuli likely to occur
Narcosis
Drug-induced state of deep sleep from which patient cannot be easily aroused
+/- accompanied by antinociception, depending on techniques/drugs used
Hypnosis
Condition of artificially induced sleep/trance resembling sleep, resulting from moderate depression of the CNS from which the patient is readily aroused
Local analgesia/anesthesia
Loss of pain sensation in a circumscribed body area
Regional anesthesia/analgesia
Insensibility to pain in a larger, though limited, body area usually defined by a pattern of innervation to the effected nerve(s)
General anesthesia
Drug-induced unconsciousness characterized by controlled but reversible depression of the CNS and perception
- Patient not arousable by noxious stimulation
- Sensory, motor, autonomic reflex functions attenuated to varying degrees, depending upon specific drug(s) and technique(s) used
Surgical general anesthesia
State/plane of anesthesia that provides unconsciousness, amnesia, muscular relaxation, and hypoalgesia sufficient for painless surgery
Balanced anesthesia
Simultaneous use of multiple drugs/techniques
Drugs targeted to attenuate specifically individual components of the anesthetic state –> amnesia, antinociception, muscle relaxation, and alteration of autonomic reflexes
Dissociative anesthesia
Induced by drugs that dissociate the thalamocortic and limbic systems
- -Characterized by cataleptoid state in which eyes remain open, swallowing reflexes intact
- -Skeletal muscle hypertonus persists unless strong sedative, peripheral/central muscle relaxant is co-administered