L010 - Social Psychology Flashcards

Question

Costs to Social categorization.

Answer 1

Often stereotypes are negative and/or not accurate and can derive prejudice and discrimination In/out groups mentality can lead to us vs. them mentality and increase prejudice Prefer our group – we are better than them Hate on other groups – they suck we hate them Can lead to process of information about outgroups differently Overestimating group differences – they are not like us Out-group homogeneity effect – they are all alike, we are unique and diverse

Answer 2

A person's self-concept and self-esteem derives from status and accomplishments of various groups to which a person belongs to We want our group to be the best, to be of high status, so we show favoritisms to people in our groups vs. of other groups

Answer 3

Sought to examine how prejudice and discrimination might develop and also how it might be reduced Stage 1-Bonding + forming of groups: boys-friends Stage 2- Competition stage: boys hated each other Stage 3-teamwork of all: boys = friends again Normal boy/ became their own cultures and showed that conflict for limited resources can lead to prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours ↳ Simple coexistence did not eliminate these but teamwork for something better for both groups did.

Answer 4

Prejudice and conflict arise from competition for scarce resources among groups Resources such as water ways, access to fish, land rights, valued objects... Economic perspectives – lots of evidence to support this theory

Answer 5

Positive/negative/mixed reaction to or orientation towards a person, a group, object or idea. Examples Abortion Immigration Pizza Mac vs. PC Gun control Like, dislike, love, hate, pro/against, also mixed feelings

Answer 6

Easy to report, conscious of it, can be updated with new information

Answer 7

Quick, automatic, unconscious/not aware of it, difficult to update

Answer 8

Categorization task that uses reaction times based on decision rules to assess strength of associations between concepts and positivity/negativity Faster responses are thought to reflect stronger associations, thereby presumably revealing implicit bias – automatic unconscious, preference/prejudice.

Answer 9

When they are specific issues They tend to generate specific behaviors. When there are strong attitudes When we are certain about them and they apply to situations with which we have experiences Ex. You love guns and are living in America Affects if you have a gun or not. Attitudes can have consequences on behavior Don’t often predict behavior

Answer 10

Central – scrutinizing the content of the message; strength and weaknesses of arguments Information and text More lasting chance in attitude Peripheral – attending to relatively superficial cues; low effect processing Pictures and Temporary change in attitude

Answer 11

Our behaviour predicts our attitude Self-persuasion Based on the idea that we strongly desire cognitive consistency or the mental state in which beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are compatible When there is a discrepancy between beliefs, attitudes and behaviors, we feel dissonance (inner tension) Larger discrepancy – greater dissonance We are motivated to reduce it You either change your thoughts on the subject or change your actions to fix the discrepancy/be consistent

Answer 12

The way that people are affected by the real and imagined presence of others Automatic – reflex like behaviors (You yawn, I yawn) Automatic mimicry

Answer 13

You wipe your face, I wipe my face – accidental mimicry – you believe there might be something on your face and that is why they did that

Answer 14

Commonly shared beliefs about appropriate actions Unwritten social rules – might or might not be aware of them Vary across context, culture and time Violating of social norms often result in awkwardness, hostility or ostracism People in collectivistic cultures tend to conform more to social norms compared to those in individualistic cultures We usually follow others when we don’t know what to do

Answer 15

Changing our perceptions, opinions or behaviors in ways that are consistent with group norms

Answer 16

Changing our behavior in response to direct requests

Answer 17

Changing our behavior in response to commands by perceived authority figures

Answer 18

Informational influence and normative influence

Answer 19

we need to be correct, we seek information

Answer 20

we fear social ostracism, judgement and social exclusion

Answer 21

Student (confederate) got it wrong, the participant had to shock him – people blindly obey the authorities (the scientists) Participants wanted to stop but didn't

Answer 22

Behavior intended to harm others Gossiping/spreading rumors are types of aggression Extreme aggression =violence

Answer 23

To achieve something Harmful behaviour has a goal (sports – useful) When you are being attacked

Answer 24

Motivated by hostility Road rage Impulsive/emotional – heat of the moment

Answer 25

Heat/hot weather As temperature increases, aggression increases Crowding People don’t like goals blocked – feel aggressive Social provocation Insults or social rejection Social learning We learn to be aggressive via behavior modelling We learn to be more/less aggressive via rewards and punishments

Answer 26

Aggressive vs. Non-aggressive behavior is provoked by what the children watched prior to receiving the bobo doll

Answer 27

Egoism - do it for individual / self-interest or Altruism - intended to benefit of others

Answer 28

Help people and do it for individual / self-interest Motivation to increase one's own welfare; self interest To be seen in a positive light To feel good about yourself To get something tangible

Answer 29

Help people and intended for the benefit of others Motivate to increase another person's welfare Concern for others

Answer 30

Altruistic/prosocial behaviors have reproductive advantages Helping kin helps our genes Sibling in fire, run to help – possibly because you share genes so our genes survive

Answer 31

Might help us in the future and we might get something in return reciprocal altruism and reciprocal norms

Answer 32

Actions that benefit others, despite some immediate risk or cost that may be repaid in the future If you help someone, they owe you one

Answer 33

Give and take rule – I help you, you help me If someone helps us, we should help them back Short-term relationship Reciprocation is expected right away/soon Lasting relationship No score keeping, reciprocation is expected over long-run Ex. Flowers given out to strangers in the airport, felt like they needed to give a dollar or two in return

Answer 34

She was attacked twice by the same male First – is stabbed outside her apartment Second – is raped, stabbed again, murdered in nearby building 37 alleged witnesses heard screams Police were called eventually but too late to save her More people that hear/witness, less likely people are going to help They think others are going to help (not their job)

Answer 35

Positive orientation towards someone – like someone (not romantically)

Answer 36

We tend to like people who are known to us

Answer 37

The more you see a novel stimulus, the more you like it; easier to cognitively process familiar stimuli More you like someone, the less you will think they are a threat so you like them more

Answer 38

We tend to like similar others – attitudes, values, interest

Answer 39

We like those who like us – very validating

Answer 40

Rewarding, visible and immediate stimulus

Answer 41

Believe that attractive people possess a bunch of positive qualities

Answer 42

Human infants develop intensely strong emotional bonds with caretakers as a survival strategy Infants rely on caretakers for sense of security and to meet their needs Children develop internal working models of how relationships should do/how they should function Internal working model give rise in attachment styles

Answer 43

Social facilitation suggests that we perform better when others are watching us engage in a relatively easy task.

L010 - Social Psychology Flashcards

(67 cards)