L02 Growth And Development Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the function of the bilaminar disc in embryology?
The bilaminar disc has two distinct zones: ectoderm and endoderm. The ectoderm forms structures such as skin, nails, and teeth.
What are the layers of the trilaminar disc in embryology?
The trilaminar disc consists of the ectoderm (skin, nails, teeth), mesoderm (muscles, bones), and endoderm (gut).
How does the primary palate develop?
The primary palate forms from the frontonasal process, forming the premaxilla, and fuses with the maxillary processes posteriorly.
What happens if the palatal shelves fail to fuse?
Failure of fusion results in cleft lip, alveolus, or palate.
How does the mandible form in embryology?
The mandible forms from the fusion of bilateral prominences, and Meckel’s cartilage forms its basis. Aberrations can affect hearing.
What is Ectodermal Dysplasia?
Ectodermal dysplasia is an imperfection in the ectoderm layer, resulting in characteristics like sparse hair, dysplastic nails, and intraoral gaps or hypodontia.
What are some features of Treacher Collins Syndrome?
Features include midface hypoplasia, small ears, and a shorter mandible set further back.
What is the incidence of clefts and their associated syndromes?
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) occur in 1 in 700 live births, with cleft palate alone in 1 in 2000. It’s more common in males and on the left side. Associated syndromes include Down’s, Treacher-Collins, and Pierre-Robin.
What are morphogenetic fields in tooth development?
Morphogenetic fields divide the dental arch into segments, with the most anterior tooth in each segment being the key tooth. These fields help explain common patterns of hypodontia.
What is the primary occlusion and when do primary teeth typically erupt?
Primary teeth usually erupt before a child’s third birthday and tend to have more spacing. The eruption sequence develops from 7 to 29 months.
What is the calcification process of primary teeth?
Primary teeth begin to calcify before birth, and disruptions in prenatal development can affect the enamel structure.
What is the typical eruption sequence for primary teeth?
Primary teeth typically erupt in the following order: Incisors (6 months), 1st molars (12 months), Canines (18 months), and 2nd molars (24 months). Use the rule of 6,12,18,24 to remember.
How do permanent teeth calcify?
Permanent teeth begin to calcify at birth. Problems in infancy may affect the development of the incisors.
What is mixed dentition?
Mixed dentition occurs when a child has both primary and permanent teeth. Leeway spaces in the upper and lower arches help in this transition.
What is the eruption sequence for permanent teeth?
Permanent teeth erupt in the following sequence: First molars (6 years), incisors (6-8 years), canines (9-12 years), second molars (12 years).
What are the characteristics of soft tissues in young children?
Soft tissues in the mouth, such as gingiva, are thinner and less keratinized in children. The pocket depth is 3mm for primary teeth and 2mm for permanent teeth.
What is the significance of post-natal growth?
The first 5 years are the greatest for growth, with a second growth spurt during puberty. Growth is measured on growth charts specific to ethnic groups.
What should be considered in prematurity?
Premature babies born before 34 weeks can face respiratory issues, hypotension, and developmental delays, including delayed tooth eruption.
What is failure to thrive in a neonate?
Failure to thrive refers to a baby failing to gain weight and grow, often due to feeding or absorption difficulties, and can indicate neglect.
What are some signs of motor development in children?
At 5 months, babies begin to pick things up. By 6 months, they sit and start crawling. By 10-12 months, they begin walking and speaking.
What is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
Piaget’s stages include: Sensorimotor (0-2 years), Preoperational (2-7 years), Concrete operational (7-11 years), Formal operational (11+ years).
What is Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Erikson’s stages focus on how children build identity through life: Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 years), Autonomy vs. Shame (1-3 years), Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years), Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years), Identity vs. Confusion (Adolescence).
How do children behave in the clinic at different ages?
0-1 years: Knee-to-knee, no separation. 1-3 years: Possessive, scared of separation. 3-5 years: Easily spooked, requires a bit of theatre. 6-10 years: Can be reasoned with. 11+ years: Sensitive to condescension, mix of child and adult traits.
What are common adolescent concerns?
Adolescents seek self-autonomy, feel invulnerable, and become increasingly concerned with appearance.
