L03 - Anatomy of Endocrine System (nuts&bolts) Flashcards Preview

203 [1] - Endocrine System > L03 - Anatomy of Endocrine System (nuts&bolts) > Flashcards

Flashcards in L03 - Anatomy of Endocrine System (nuts&bolts) Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is hypophysis and location

A

pituitary gland

located in sella turcica, sphenoid bone

2
Q

what are 2 lobes of hypophysis called? what is the difference between

A

adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

adeno is glandular
neuro is neural

3
Q

Hypophysis Arteries

identify on diagram and what they supply AND where they come from

A

superior hypophyseal
—–supplies median eminence, upper part of stalk

inferior hypophyseal
—-supplies neurohypophysis, lower part of stalk

4
Q

Hypophysis Veins

identify on diagram what they supply? where do they come from and where do they go

A

capillary plexuses in median eminence snd stalk drained by portal veins

veins pass to anterior pit gland

veins form 2ary cap plexus

also neurosecretory substances van also travel through this from hypoth to ant lobe

5
Q

Thyoid gland structure and loaction

identify on diagram

A

bilobed, 2 lateral lobes connected by an ISTHMUS

From just below oblique line in thyroid catyilage to 5/6 tracheal ring. anter to trachea

6
Q

what is T3 and T4

A

T3 - triiodothyronine

T4 - thyroxine

7
Q

Thyroid Gland blood vessels (arteries & veins)

where do arteries come from

A

Superior thyroid artery (from external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian)

Veins:
Interior jugular vein
Brachiocephalic vein

8
Q

Parathyroid gland structure and role?

why must it be preserved in thyroidectomy

A

2 superior
2 inferior

secretes parathyroid hormone - regulates calcium and phosphate levels within homeostasis

if removed, blood Ca falls, muscles (resp & laryngeal also) go into tetanic contraction — death

9
Q

Parathyroid glands VAN

A

Artery - mainly inferior thyroid (also superior)

Vein - superior middle and inferior thyroid

Nerve - middle and inferior cervical ganglions

10
Q

Adrenal glands.

structure and shape

origin

A

sup pole of kidneys T12. retroperitoneal

pyramidal (R) or semilunar (L)

  • –cortex from mesoderm
  • –medulla from neual crest cells
11
Q

Adrenal glands

cortex - what part secrets what

A

cortex secretes corticosteroids

cells subjacent to capsule: secrets MINERALOCORTICOIDS

deeper cortex
secretes GLUCOCORTICOIDS

12
Q

Adrenal glands

cortex - what part secrets what

what else does cortex secrete

A

cortex secretes corticosteroids

cells subjacent to capsule: secrets MINERALOCORTICOIDS

deeper cortex
secretes GLUCOCORTICOIDS

cortex also secretes adrenal andogens - eg testosterone

13
Q

Adrenal glands

medulla

what secretes and what

A

chromaffin cells secrete

medulla regarded as modified symp ganglion

secrete adrenaline and NA — catecholamines

fight or flight - HR, BP, viscera sm muscle

14
Q

Adrenal glands blood supply

identify on diagram

where are thet from

blood course?

venous drainage?

A

superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries.

s - inf. phrenic
m- from aorta
i - renal

arteries pass through cortex to medulla - hormones travel eg cortisol mediates NA to adren.

adrenal veins drain into IVC - R or renal vein -l

15
Q

What are adrenal glands controlled by

A

Hypothalamus (ACTH from hypophysis)

also symp division of ANS

coeliac plexus, splanchnic nerve

medulla is under direct control. v fast.

initiated by impulses from preganglionic symp fibres that end in the chromaffin cells.