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property 102 > L03 - Light wood frame construction > Flashcards

L03 - Light wood frame construction Flashcards

1
Q

Label the parts of a tree from its first year of growth

A

Pith
Heartwood
Sapwood
Bark

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2
Q

Tree’s first year’s growth (very very core of tree - from then on, every single year tree puts on rings)

A

Pith

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3
Q

Lifeless central portion (dead sapwood)
- Still offers structural portion of tree

A

Heartwood

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4
Q

Living layers that supply nutrients to leaves

A

Sapwood

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5
Q

Protective layer of dead cells

A

Bark

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6
Q

The __________ of some tree species such as cedar is naturally resistant to decay and insect attack.

A

heartwood

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7
Q

True or False:
The heartwood of some trees (eg. cedar) is naturally resistant to decay and insect attack

A

True

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8
Q

How much water is within a timber after being sawn from a log and what happens to the wood after?

A

approx. 30%
The ‘bound water’ evaporates, and the wood begins to shrink. As it dries, grows stiffer and stronger

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9
Q

For framing, moisture content (MC) should be no more than ___ (max per NZBC - NZ Building Code)

A

18%

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10
Q

Why should the MC be no more than 18% (max per NZBC)?

A

If above, then dead fungi can thrive and then begin to degrade and break down cellulose
- cause structural damage

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11
Q

What are some timber defects?

A

Tight and dead knot and splits and checks

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12
Q

Laminated wood

A

Large structural members often made by gluing smaller pieces together

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13
Q

What is an advantage of laminated wood?

A

Can achieve shapes (curves) and sizes not possible in nature
Quality can be controlled - defects removed

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14
Q

what is glue laminated also known as?

A

Glulam

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15
Q

A “__________ beam” is similar to a built-up beam except that the middle element is steel plate rather than timber.

A

flitch

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16
Q

True or False:
Laminated wood can control the quality and remove defects?

A

True

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17
Q

True or False:
Plywood is a panel product comprised of glued layers of wood veneer with grain direction alternated from layer to layer for added strength.

A

True

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18
Q

What does OSB stand for?

A

Oriented strand board
(long strands of wood compressed/glued into layers)

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19
Q

Particleboard

A

Wood particles compressed/glued

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20
Q

Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

A

Tiny wood fibres compressed/glued

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21
Q

In NZ, the most prevalent timber framing treatment used for top plates, studs, joists etc is “H____”

A

1.2, H1.2

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22
Q

H3.1 is used for what?

A

Painted weatherboard cladding
Battens within cladding cavity systems

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23
Q

In NZ, the level of wood preservative required for exposed rafter endings is ______.

A

H3.2

24
Q

True or False:
Treated (H3.2) plywood is often used as a DPC (damp-proof course)

A

False

25
Q

True or False:
H5 is for exposed posts, braces and piles

A

True

26
Q

True or False:
Trusses are either pre-engineered or customised using computer software

A

True

27
Q

Wood I-Joists

A

Comprised of top and bottom flanges (solid lumber or panel products) with plywood or OSB web products)

28
Q

True or False:
Wood I-Joists can be used in place of joists, beams and rafters

A

True

29
Q

What are the 3 main types of foundation?

A

Basement
Crawlspace/pier & beam
Slab-on-grade

30
Q

Enclosed, accessible space b/w soil and floor of first (ground) floor
Cold climate with deep frost lines

A

Basement

31
Q

Accessible space w/ little headroom
Wet climates & areas w/ clay soils

A

Crawlspace/pier & beam

32
Q

Structural concrete slab poured on grade (ground level)
Good in area w/ high water table

A

Slab-on-grade

33
Q

True or False:
Basements are particularly suitable for climates with high water tables but not locations with deep frost lines

A

False

34
Q

True or False:
Slab-on grade is good in areas with high water table

A

True

35
Q

Which foundation type is good for wet climates and areas with clay soils?

A

Crawlspace/pier and beam

36
Q

True or False:
Residential basement foundations are NOT suited for wet climates with high water tables

A

True

37
Q

What is the main type of foundation in NZ?

A

Pier and Beam

38
Q

What are the different types of pier and beam?

A

Ordinary, braced, and anchor

39
Q

What does CMU stand for?

A

Concrete Masonry Units

40
Q

To prevent wetting and eventual rot, it is important to place “__ __ __” between a foundation wall and the timber bearers.
(hint: answer is an acronym made up of three letters)

A

DPC (damp-proof course)
- a vapour barrier preventing moisture from passing from one material to another

41
Q

When a wooden bearer is supported by a concrete foundation wall, a “__” is req’d between to stop moisture from passing

A

DPC, damp-proof course, damp proof course

42
Q

True or False:
When framing an opening in a floor, double headers are supported by double trimmers.

A

True

43
Q

True or False:
Double headers are placed at mid-span to maintain joists’ orientation and depth

A

False

44
Q

What is the standard joist spacing?

A

450mm

45
Q

_______ are vertical, regularly spaced elements in timber wall framing.

A

Studs

46
Q

The short studs located above an opening which supports the portion of top plate over the header are called:

A

Cripples

47
Q

The rule of thumb regarding the framing of floor overhangs is:

A

2/3 normally supported, 1/3 overhanging

48
Q

True or False:
Bridging is placed at mid-span to maintain joists’ orientation and depth

A

True

49
Q

What are the most common roof shapes?

A

Gable
Hip

50
Q

When a gable or hip roof structure expresses the roof shape on the interior and does NOT feature ceiling joists, a “ridge ______” is necessary since there are no joists to resist outward thrust.

A

beam

51
Q

Rake overhangs feature _____________, which span from the last common rafter to the exterior stud wall and support the fly rafter, or outrigger.

A

lookouts

52
Q

True or False:
Lookouts span from the last common rafter to the exterior stud wall and support the fly rafter

A

True

53
Q

Where are fly rafters located?

A

The fly rafter is attached to the end of the lookouts

54
Q

Purlins

A

Continuous boards running perpendicular to rafters

55
Q

A ___________ is the notch in a rafter that is shaped to fit over the external wall’s top plate.

A

birdsmouth

56
Q

True or False:
A birdsmouth is the notch made in a rafter to fit over the outside wall’s top plate

A

True

57
Q

True or False:
When a timber roof is braced using plywood sheathing, purlins can be slightly reduced in size

A

False

property 102 (7 decks)

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