L04: Ruminant Gastro 2 (Sanchez) Flashcards Preview

LA Gastroenterology (Spring 2015) > L04: Ruminant Gastro 2 (Sanchez) > Flashcards

Flashcards in L04: Ruminant Gastro 2 (Sanchez) Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

ambulatory calves what percent dehydrated?

A

5-8%

2
Q

weak calves what percent dehydrated?

A

8-12

3
Q

recumbent calves what percent dehydrated?

A

12-15

4
Q

basic therapy for recumbent or weak calves with diarrhea

A

-IV fluid therapy with replacement solution, bicarb supplement. Usually use IV hypertonic followed by oral fluids
+/- Abx
-only withdraw from milk in severe cases, and then only for 24hrs or less
-should see improvement within 6-24hrs

5
Q

basic therapy for ambulatory calves with diarrhea

A

-ORAL fluids w/bicarb and glucose (4-6L daily) interspersed with milk feeding
+/- Abx

6
Q

differentials for sudden onset adult cow diarrhea WITHOUT oral lesions

A
  • Salmonellosis
  • Winter Dysentery
  • Paratuberculosis
  • Coccidiosis
  • Arsenic toxicosis
  • Parasitism
  • BVD
7
Q

differentials for sudden onset adult cow diarrhea WITH oral lesions

A
  • mucosal dz
  • Rinderpest
  • malignant catarrhal fever
8
Q

most common cause of acute diarrhea in adult cattle

A

Salmonella

9
Q

trans. of Salmonella

A

direct or indirect (S. dublin can transfer vertically)

-usually occurs sporadically in the herd

10
Q

Dx/Tx of salmonella

A
  • bacterial culture of feces
  • rectal biopsy
  • differentiate from BVD and Winter Dysentery
  • Tx: fluids, NSAIDs, +/- Abx
11
Q

Winter Dysentery

A
  • explosive outbreaks of diarrhea in adult cattle between Oct. and April
  • most likely caused by Coronavirus
  • highly contagious
  • high morbid, low mort. (moves through herd quickly)
12
Q

CS of Winter Dysentery

A
  • Fever
  • acute fetid watery d
  • dec. appetite, milk prod.
  • usually resolves within 5 days
13
Q

Tx of Winter Dysentery

A

-non-specific
+/- blood transfusion
-herds sustain immunity for 2-3 yrs

14
Q

Johne’s Disease

A

-caused by MAP

15
Q

CS of Johne’s Disease

A
  • CHRONIC, intermittend diarrhea without blood (cattle>sheep>goats)
  • dec. milk prod.
  • weight loss
  • edema
16
Q

when does most infection with MAP occur?**

A

early in life. However, dz of older cattle due to long incubation period

17
Q

prevalence of Johne’s disease in US cattle

A

70% US dairy herds

5-10% US beef herds

18
Q

Dx of Johne’s Disease in cattle

A
  • In herd: determine herd MAP status by environmental testing/ELISA on subset of population
  • In individual: ELISA, fecal culture, PCR
19
Q

Dx of Johne’s Disease in SR, camelids

A

SR: ELISA
Camelids: fecal PCR

20
Q

Control of Johne’s Disease

A
  • herd biosecurity!
  • raise your own replacements
  • manure control
  • enforce biosecurity
  • document herd status with repeated diagnostic testing
  • manage/cull infected
21
Q

Prevention of Johne’s Dz

A
  • remove calves from cows and clean cows
  • don’t pool colostrum
  • rear calves separate from adults
  • use milk replacers
  • avoid manure contamination
  • use clean water sources
  • vaccination: most effective in SR
  • genetic selection