L05: Pressure And Compliance

Question 1

What does compliance want the lungs to do

Answer 1

Expand

Question 2

What does elasticity want the lungs to do

Answer 2

Recoil

Question 3

What does surface tension want the lungs to do

Answer 3

Collapse

Question 4

How many litres is the total lung compliance

Answer 4

6L

Question 5

What is total lung capacity made of

Answer 5

Residual volume

Vital capacity

Question 6

What is the residual volume

Answer 6

Volume of air left after a forced expiration

Question 7

What is vital capacity

Answer 7

Volume of air that is pushed out after a forced expiration

Question 8

What is the average residual volume in litres

Answer 8

1.2L

Question 9

What is the average vital capacity in litres

Answer 9

4.8L

Question 10

What is the functional residual capacity

Answer 10

Total volume of air in the lungs after a normal exhalation

Question 11

What is the FRC after a normal breath

Answer 11

2.7L

Question 12

What is the tidal volume

Answer 12

Volume of breathed in after a normal breath

Question 13

In litres what is the average tidal volume

Answer 13

0.5L

Question 14

How can the volume of air inspired and expired vary

Answer 14

Age
Sex
Height 
Race
Respiratory disease

Question 15

What does the boyles law state

Answer 15

If the volume increases, the pressure decreases

Question 16

What does PA represent

Answer 16

Alveoli pressure

Question 17

What does PB represent

Answer 17

Atmospheric barometric pressure

Question 18

Between atmospheric/barometric pressure and alveoli pressure what has to be present for air to flow in and out of the lungs

Answer 18

Pressure difference

Question 19

How do we change PA (alveoli pressure) using the boyles law

Answer 19

Change the volume

Question 20

How do we change the volume to change the pressure

Answer 20

Via muscles

Question 21

Which muscles are used in inspiration

Answer 21

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Sternocleoidomastoid
Scalenes

Question 22

Which muscles are used in expiration

Answer 22

Internal intercostal

Abdominal muscles

Question 23

How is the lung and the thoracic cage stuck together

Answer 23

By pleural fluid

Question 24

Inside the pleural fluid what type of pressure is there

Answer 24

Negative intrapleural pressure

Question 25

How is the negative intrapleural pressure formed

Answer 25

The lungs tendency to recoil inwards | Thoracic cage tendency to recoil outwards

Question 26

What is the total system compliance

Answer 26

The lung and the chest wall are connected and so they are stretched together

Question 27

What happens to the total system compliance when distending pressure is 0

Answer 27

The total system compliance is at FRC

Question 28

What does it mean to have the total system compliance at FRC when distending pressure is 0

Answer 28

Lung and thoracic distending pressure is equal and opposite at FRC

Question 29

What is a pneumothorax

Answer 29

A collapsed lung

Question 30

Why does pneumothorax occur

Answer 30

When air leaks into the pleural space and distending pressure is lost

Question 31

What are the types of pneumothorax

Answer 31

Primary Secondary Traumatic Tension

Question 32

What is primary pneumothorax

Answer 32

Without and apparent cause and no significant lung disease

Question 33

What is secondary pneumothorax

Answer 33

Related to an underlying lung disease such as COPD

Question 34

What is traumatic pneumothorax

Answer 34

Caused by an trauma injury which allows air to leak into the pleural space

Question 35

What is tension pneumothorax

Answer 35

Caused by trauma and mechanical ventilation which causes mediastinal shift

Question 36

What is mediastinal shift

Answer 36

Mediastinum (division of the lung that contains the heart) is shifted and under great pressure