L07 - Meditation & Pain

Question 1

feeling resulting from injury

feeling that injury has occurred

Answer 1

pain

pain is a private experience

Question 2

what is pain

evolutionary

Answer 2

adaptive response, allowing us to identify danger & withdraw

Question 3

types of pain

Answer 3

acute pain - brief and overlaps with the healing process following injury

chronic pain - persistent and persists beyond the healing period for injury

Question 4

Common feature of many disorders

Answer 4

pain

Question 5

injury induces ______ that can lead to chronic pain

Answer 5

changes in our nervous system

Question 6

___ is lowered threshold; innocuous stimuli elicit pain

Answer 6

allodynia

Question 7

____ is noxious stimuli elicit enhanced pain

Answer 7

hyperalgesia

Question 8

___ is recurring pain without an identifiable stimulus

Answer 8

spontaneous pain

Question 9

chronic pain is associated with

effects on life

Answer 9

reduced quality of life, poor mood, impaired sleep, impaired memory and reduced employment functioning

Question 10

Chronic pain rates are higher in ___ and increase with ____

Answer 10

women ; age

Question 11

Measuring pain

Answer 11

threshold/sensitivity

intensity

unpleasantness

Question 12

point in a stimulus gradient at which pain is first experienced

sensitivity is the inverse

Answer 12

threshold

Question 13

self-report of the strength of the painful experience

estimated via pain intensity rating scales completed by the subject

Answer 13

intensity

Question 14

emotional quality we attach to a painful experience

Answer 14

unpleasantness

assessed through self-report via pain unpleasantness scales

Question 15

____ may reduce intensity

Answer 15

distraction

Question 16

____ may reduce the unpleasatness

Answer 16

positive mood

Question 17

factors affecting pain

Answer 17

physiological
sensory
affective
cognitive
behavioral
sociocultural-ethnocultural

Question 18

act of describing pain in more exaggerated terms

results in pain being reported as more intense and distressing than expected

Answer 18

pain catastrophization

Question 19

Pain processing pathway

Answer 19

insular cortex
anterior cingulate cortex
somatosensory cortex
prefrontal cortex

variations in these regions is linked to individual differences in pain

all these regions exhibit meditation-induced neuroplasticity

Question 20

early studies demonstrated that ___ may reduce acute pain and ____ may help manage chronic pain

Answer 20

transcendental meditation; MBSR

Question 21

Meditation is better than ____ but ___ than evidence based treatments

Answer 21

no treatment; worse

Question 22

meditation is associated with _____

effect on pain

Answer 22

reduced pain unpleasantness

Question 23

mechanisms

Answer 23

changing breathing

changing the cognitive relationship with pain (preventing catastrophization)

reducing anxiety/depression via neuroplasticity in networks involved in mood regulation

changing pain related processing via neuroplasticity in the pain matrix

affecting endorphins

Question 24

higher ____ during meditation is more strongly associated with lower pain unpleasantness

Answer 24

high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV)

Question 25

by encouraging ____, mindfulness may reduce catastrophizing

Answer 25

non-judgmental acceptance

Question 26

anxiety & depression are ____ with pain meditation may help treat pain by treating those conditions

Answer 26

frequently comorbid

Question 27

____ is associated with changes in unpleasantness, anticipatory anxiety, and prefrontal cortex activity

Answer 27

mindfulness

Question 28

___practice is associated with greater effects on activity

Answer 28

length of meditation

Question 29

____ is a mechanism of the placebo effect

Answer 29

expectation

Question 30

meditation vs placebo | effects & effects on brain areas

Answer 30

mindfulness has stronger effects on intensity and unpleasantness than placebo mindfulness meditation has greater effects on anterior cingulate, anterior insula, and OFC activity than placebo