L09: Memory Flashcards
Memory as reconstruction
Memory is more like a personal mental sketch than a photograph, sometimes inferences are used
Modal Model of Memory
Memory is a structural model consisting of the sensory register, STM, and LTM. You can keep things in there indefinitely
Memory span/duration
measured by how many items can be juggled and manipulated in the mind.
Brown-Peterson paradigm of STM
To measure the duration of information in STM, rehearsal has to be prevented because continuous rehearsal keeps information in STM
Chunking
A process of grouping separate stimuli into meaningful wholes or categories. Allows us to overcome the limited amount of information we can retain in short-term memory
Working memory
a two-way bridge between STM & LTM. includes the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive
phonological loop
processes spoken and written material
visuospatial sketchpad
stores and processes information in a visual and spatial form
central executive
supports cognitive operations on new info coming into STM from different systems & previous LTMs
HM (Henry Molaison)
Bilateral hippocampectomy to treat epilepsy led to anterograde amnesia for episodic memory, while other forms of memory were unaffected
Implicit memory
Accessed without consciousness, or implicitly through performance rather than recollection. Includes procedural, priming, classical conditioning, and non-associative learning
Explicit memory
Allows us to consciously remember events and facts. Includes episodic and semantic memory
Declarative memory subsections and associated brain structures
Episodic and Semantic memory, both Hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe
Nondeclarative memory subsections and associated brain structures
Procedural memory (striatum, motor cortex, cerebellum), Priming (neocortex), classical conditioning (amydala, cerebellum), non-associative learning (reflex pathway)
memory (def.)
the ability to use or revive information that was previously encoded or processed.
Memory as a quale and consequences
Requires a holistic perspective and is never directly observed. Consequences: false memories, difficult to scientifically observe
Synaptic plasticity
memories are made by changing the structure of synapses. forming of memory increased number of connectors at synapses
Cortical plasticity
The phenomenon that cortical organisation can change in response to changed demands but also in response to brain injury, such as strokes, lesions, etc. Involves synaptic plasticity.
Law of regression / Ribot gradient
Memories that haven’t been consolidated are more likely to be affected by brain damage
