L1

Question 1

Pharmacognosy?
❑ Medicinal plants involve a numbe of disciplines including

Answer 1

commerce, botany, chemistry, enzymology, genetics, quality control and pharmacology.

Question 2

Pharmakon

Answer 2

drug, or medicine.

Question 3

gignosco

Answer 3

acquire knowledge of

Question 4

Botany

Answer 4

study of plant’s

Question 5

Botany

Answer 5

Morphology. •Anatomy. •Taxonomy.

Question 6

This deals with the external features of plants (Macroscopical
Characters). N.B. Microscopical characters (Examine the organ
under microscope).

Answer 6

Plant Morphology

Question 7

are developed from seeds, under favorable
condition of temperature and moisture.

Answer 7

Flowering plants

Question 8

Active constituents are synthesized in the plant organs so called

Answer 8

organized drugs.

Question 9

Or can not be examine under microscope so called

Answer 9

unorganized drugs.

Question 10

crude drugs which are devoid of cellular structures.

Answer 10

Unorganized

Question 11

They are derived from parts of plant or animal by some process
of extraction, incision or expression.

Answer 11

Unorganized

Question 12

Different kinds of leaves:

Answer 12

Foliage leaves, e.g. Senna.
Scale leaves. e.g. Squill, onion.

Question 13

Foliage leaves examples

Answer 13

Senna

Question 14

Scale leaves examples

Answer 14

Squill, onion.

Question 15

Function of leaves: essay

Answer 15

1.Undergo photosynthesis, due to the presence of chlorophyll.
2. Exchange gases between the atmosphere and
plant tissue.
3. Protect floral, lateral and terminal buds from cold and dryness.

Question 16

Leaf components

Answer 16

1. Blade or lamina
   . 2. Leaf base.
2. Stalk or petiole.

Question 17

green flattened part of the leaf

Answer 17

Leaf lamina

Question 18

Leaf with single blade per petiole, not divided into
leaflets.

Answer 18

Simple

Question 19

Leaf with more than blade per petiole and is
divided into independent leaflets.

Answer 19

Compound مثل النخل

Question 20

leaf with more than three leaflets arranged in two rows along a common axis (rachis).

Answer 20

Compound pinnate :

Question 21

Are the organs of sexual reproduction of higher plants and also generally offer the most exact means of identification.

Answer 21

Flowers

Question 22

typical Flower is composed of the following floral parts :

Answer 22

Calyx (K)———-< green sepals(s) free or united

Corolla C——->colored petals free or united

Androecium A الذكري ——— stamens free or united with petals epipetalous

Gynoecium G الانثوي ______ carpels each is made of an ovary style sigma