L1

Question 1

What is the immune system composed of?

Answer 1

organs
cells
molecules

Question 2

What is an immune system?

Answer 2

Organised system of organs, cells and molecules to defend body against diseases

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

Disease causing pathogens

Question 4

Smallest to largest, microbes

Answer 4

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 6

Thymus, Bone marrow

Question 7

What is the purpose of primary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

-Production of white blood cells (lympocytes)

Question 8

What is the purpose of secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 8

Sites where immune responses are initiated

Question 9

What is the function of bone marrow

Answer 9

-Source of stem cells into innate and adaptive arms

Question 10

What is the function of thymus

Answer 10

‘School’ for white blood cells called T cells

Developing T cells learn to not react to self

Question 11

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 11

Spleen and lymph nodes

Question 12

What is the function of the spleen

Answer 12

Initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens (filter blood)

Question 13

Where are lymph nodes located?

Answer 13

Along lymphatic vessels

Question 14

Purpose of lymphatic vessels

Answer 14

Transports lymph fluids from tissues and filter it to re circulate into blood

Question 15

Purpose of lymph nodes?

Answer 15

Site of initiation of immune responses for pathogens in the tissue

Question 16

What are the layers of defense of the immune system, outer to inner?

Answer 16

Chemical and physical barriers
Innate arm
Adaptive arm

Question 17

What is the epidermis and its function

Answer 17

Dead cells, phagocytic immune cells which

Epidermis is shedded

Question 18

What is the dermis layer?

Answer 18

Thick layer of connective tissue, collagen and phagocytic immune cells

Question 19

What are defensins and what to do they do?

Answer 19

Antimicrobial peptides which form pores in microbes membranes, killing them

Question 20

Function of lysozyme?

Answer 20

Breaks down bacterial cell walls

Question 21

What are the two chemical defences which directly affect the skin environment

Answer 21

Sebum: low pH
Salt: Hypertonic

Question 22

Features of mucous membranes

Answer 22

1-2 layers
Epithelium: tightly packed live cells, constantly renewing, mucus producing

Question 23

How does mucous membrane defend against microbes and what kind of defence is it?

Answer 23

Physical defence
-Mucus traps microbes
-tightly packed, unable to get through

Question 24

What is the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 24

Cilia moves mucus (trapped with microbes and dust) up to pharynx

Question 25

What are the chemical defences of mucosal surface: stomach, Gall bladder, Intestine

Answer 25

Low pH Bile Digestive enzymes

Question 26

What signals can the innate arm send to adaptive arm?

Answer 26

Signals to prepare for defence against microbes

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Features of innate arm immunity

Answer 29

-Already in place -rapid -non specified -No specific memory

Question 30

Features of adaptive arm

Answer 30

-improves during response -slow -variable -highly specific -Has memory