L1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Embryo (from implantation to _ weeks)
5-8
Fetus definition
An unborn child from 8th week until term
Term
* Period of time at the end of a pregnancy when a baby might be expected to be born normally
* Normal duration of a human pregnancy:____ weeks
37-42
Abortion
* Ending of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus before __ weeks of gestation
* Can be spontaneous or induced
24
Stillbirth
* The fetus born without sign of life at or after ___ weeks of gestation, or with birth weight over ___gm when the gestation is uncertain
24,500
Estimated date of
Confinement
(EDC)
Average ___days = 40 weeks
Also known as expected date of delivery/estimated due date (EDD)
280
Trimester
1st trimester: conception –__weeks__days
2nd trimester: __wks –___weeks_days
3rd trimester: from __wks till delivery
13,6
14,27,6
28
Maturity
Age of fetus, same as gestational age
Gravida (G)
Gravid -pregnant
Gravida (G) – The number of pregnancies of a pregnant woman
Para/ Parity (P)
Description the number of given birth to an infant, alive or dead, after 24weeks or infant weight over 500 gm
- Nullipara (P0): woman who has never given birth to a viable child
- Primipara(P1): woman who has delivered one viable child
- Multipara (P2 or above): woman who has delivered more than one viable
child - Grand multipara (P5): a woman who has delivered five or more viable
children
Primigravida
Woman who is pregnant for the first time
Advanced maternal
age
Pregnant above age _
35
Most favourable pelvis type for birth
Gynaecoid
Characteristics of Gynaecoid Pelvis
- Round or slightly oval outlet
- Straight pelvic sidewalls with roomy
pelvic cavity - Subpubic arch is wide
- Ischial spines are not prominent
- Good sacral curve
Uterus
• Pear shape organ
Contains:
• Thick muscular wall
• Mucous membrane lining
• Rich blood supply
• Normal bent slightly forward
(anteflexion)
Functions of pelvic floor
• Supports the weight of the abdominal and
pelvic organs
• Responsible for the voluntary control of
elimination
• During childbirth:
• Supports the weight of uterus
• Control movements of the fetus through the birth
canal by contraction and relaxation
Pelvic floor injury during childbirth will lead to
— and —
Incontinence, uterine prolapse
Fetal skull
Bones are relatively thin and pliable
at birth
Clinical significance of
• Sutures and fontanelles
allow overriding of
the fetal skull during labour
• Able to temporary alter the shape to pass
through the birth canal
• as guiding point in vaginal examination in
locating position
Caput succedaneum
• Area of oedema over presenting part of fetus / newborn resulting from the
pressure against the cervix during labour
• Oedema occurs in the skin superficial to skull & periosteum
• Usually heal without any major medical intervention
Cephalhaematoma
• Pressure during birth that cause bleeding between
periosteum (the membrane that covers the skull) & skull
• Reason for cephalhaematoma:
• Difficult or prolonged birth
• Cephalopelvic disproportion (the baby’s head is larger than the
mother’s pelvic opening)
• Big baby
• Abnormal presentation
• Use of birth-assisting tools such as forceps or vacuum delivery
• Usually heal without any major medical intervention
• If improperly treated:
• Permanent brain damage
• Anaemia
• Meningitis
Treatment for Caput succedaneum
• Observational & Reassurance
• Majority of cases will self-resolve
within 48 hours
• Parent Education
• Care when handling infant’s head
Treatment for Cephalohematoma
• Observational & Reassurance
• Nursing monitoring for growing size &
hyperbilirubinemia
• The swelling typically resolves itself
between 2 weeks to 6 months
• Parent Education
• Care when handling infant’s head
• Refer to appropriate Neonatal care
(e.g. phototherapy for
hyperbilirubinemia)
Stage of fetal development (Total of 40 weeks)
- Pre-embryonic stage – first 2 weeks beginning with fertilization
- Embryonic stage – from week 3 to week 8
- Fetal stage – from week 8 till birth
