L1

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

The phenotypic characteristics of an individual that are determined wholly by genes

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

The phenotypic characteristics of an individual that are determined wholly by environment

Question 3

Heritability

Answer 3

Proportion of variation in a phenotype observed within a population which can be explained by one’s genetic ancestry

Question 4

Animal model

Answer 4

Uses large datasets and pedigree information to look at degree of similarities between traits in individuals varying in relatedness and environment. Can calculate heritability between traits as well as determine effects that are maternal, environmental etc

Question 5

Broad-sense heritability

Answer 5

H^2 = VG/(VG+VE)
V = variance
G = genotype
E = environmental including additive genetic variances (allelic differences), dominance effects, epistasis, parental effects

Question 6

Narrow-sense heritability

Answer 6

h^2 = VA/(VA+VE)
VA = additive genetic variance (ie variance in traits genes have an effect on)