L1 and L2

Question 1

critical period hypothesis

Answer 1

theory that there exists a period from early childhood to adolescence in which full native competence is possible when acquiring a language

Question 2

Dysnomia

Answer 2

difficulty in recalling names or words needed for oral or written language

Question 3

Countable Nouns

Answer 3

Nouns that have a quantity that can be determined using numbers

Question 4

overgeneralization

Answer 4

the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply

Question 5

homonyms

Answer 5

words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but have different meanings

ex. Break and brake

Question 6

false cognates

Answer 6

words from different languages that look and sound alike, but have different meanings

Question 7

phonology

Answer 7

the systematic organization of sounds in languages

Question 8

antonyms

Answer 8

words with the opposite meanings

Question 9

hyponyms

Answer 9

words that fall under a more general term. Ex. hyponyms (specific type of item) for clothes are sweater, pants, shirt

Question 10

syntax

Answer 10

rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.

Question 11

CALPS (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency Skills)

Answer 11

formal, textbook language used in academic situations

Question 12

Minimal pairs

Answer 12

phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish. safe/save

Question 13

connector

Answer 13

word that relates words, phrases, or clauses to each other.
if, so that, therefore, however

Question 14

generalization

Answer 14

forming a general concept from specific information

Question 15

aspect

Answer 15

words that determine if the statement is referring to a single action, a repeated or regular action, or a progressive/ongoing state or action

Question 16

metacognition

Answer 16

the awareness and understanding of ones own though processes

Question 17

synonyms

Answer 17

words with the same meaning

Question 18

determiner

Answer 18

words that provide information about nouns; vital for forming meaningful statements or questions.
a, an, the, this that, my, your, some, many

Question 19

word order (syntax)

Answer 19

subject first, followed by the verb, and then the objects and adverbial phrases

Question 20

Borrowing

Answer 20

incorporation of linguistic material from one language to another

Question 21

meronyms

Answer 21

words that are part of a more general term. Meronyms (specific thing on an item) for pants are pockets, zipper, cuff.

Question 22

pre-production/ silent period

Answer 22

first stage of 2nd language acquisition. taking in new language, but not speaking it.

Question 23

avoidance

Answer 23

an ELL avoids using difficult words and structures, opting for simpler ones instead

Question 24

uncountable noun

Answer 24

nouns that do not have a quantity that can be determined using numbers

Question 25

cognates

Answer 25

words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation

Question 26

early production

Answer 26

stage of 2nd language acquisition where the learning is listening and absorbing new information and collecting new words

Question 27

code-switching

Answer 27

the ability to change the way you communicate depending on what is appropriate for the situation -- students using U in text messages but you in classwork

Question 28

semantics

Answer 28

the study of word of symbol meaning

Question 29

speech emergence

Answer 29

stage of 2nd language acquisition in which the learner speaks more frequently using longer words and sentences

Question 30

circumlocution

Answer 30

the use of many words to describe something when fewer would be sufficient

Question 31

register

Answer 31

the degree of formality with which one speaks

Question 32

Is high L1 coginitive development better for L2 acquisition?

Answer 32

YES! Skills transfer from L1 to L2. The better the first language, the better the second language will be developed.

Question 33

Interference

Answer 33

negative impacts of L1 on L2

Question 34

Benefits of L2 as an adult vs child

Answer 34

ADULT: have advantages of applying shortcuts to learning and drawing analogies from L1 CHILD: sound more like a native

Question 35

How to teach syntax?

Answer 35

Teach both implicit and explicitly. May be necessary to teach explicitly for gaining academic language.