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Pharmacology > L1: Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology > Flashcards

L1: Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 drugs are classified as natural catecholamines?

A

Dopamine (intropin)
Epinephrine (Adrenaline, EpiPen)
Norepinephrine (Levophed)

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2
Q

What 2 drugs are classified as indirect-acting sympathomimetics?

A

Cocaine
Amphetamine (Adderall XR)

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3
Q

What 2 drugs are classified as mixed-action sympathomimetics?

A

Ephedrine (Pretz-D)
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

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4
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

Autonomic and Sympathetic

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5
Q

Which branch of the PNS forms networks?

A

Autonomic (just incase you lose CNS control)

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6
Q

Which branch of the PNS works on skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic

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7
Q

Which branch of the PNS innervates visceral organs, glands and smooth muscle?

A

Autonomic

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8
Q

Which branch of the PNS is unmyelinated?

A

Autonomic

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9
Q

What is the result of deveravation of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Spontaneous activity

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10
Q

What is the result of the denervation of the somatic nervous system?

A

Paralysis and atrophy

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11
Q

What are the branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

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12
Q

What types of neurons are found in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic and Cholinergic and a dopaminergic.

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13
Q

What organs does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

All peripheral organs.

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14
Q

What organs does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

All peripheral organs except for blood, hair and sweat.

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15
Q

What kind of neurons are found in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic

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16
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the eye, lungs, GI and uterus?

A

Relaxation/ Dilation

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17
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart, blood vessels,, skin, and metabolism?

A

Constriction/ increased activity.

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18
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the eye, lungs, GI, and genitourinary system?

A

Constriction/ increased activity

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19
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart and metabolism?

A

Decreased activity.

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20
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the skin and blood vessels?

A

There is none.

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21
Q

What is the sympathetic response on the eye vs the parasympathetic response?

A

Sympathetic: Dilate more by contracting radial muscles.
Parasympathetic: Constrict by contracting circular muscles.

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22
Q

What is the sympathetic response on the pancreas vs the parasympathetic response?

A

Sympathetic: Increase insulin slightly so that sugar can get into cells.
Parasympathetic: increase insulin a lot to digest sugars.

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23
Q

Where are the efferent and afferent neurons located in the ANS?

A

Efferent: At the organ going to the spinal cord
Afferent: At the carotid body and arch of the aorta.

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24
Q

What is the result of baroreceptor reflux with high blood pressure?

A

Baroreceptor reflex will trigger the increase in parasympathetic response to decrease heart contractility and skeletal muscle contractility.

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25
What is the result of baroreceptor reflux with low blood pressure?
The baroreceptor reflex will sense low blood pressure and activate the sympathetic nervous system to increase constriction and CO.
26
What happens in orthostatic hypotension?
The baroreceptor isn't stimulated enough and vasoconstriction isn't increased.
27
What can diuretics do to the baroreceptors?
Decrease their ability to sense volume and pressure.
28
What happens to the baroreceptors during CHF?
Not enough blood gets to the brain
29
Where are Nicotinic cholinergic receptors found?
All presynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic.
30
Where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors found?
Post synaptic in the parasympathetic and post synaptic in the sympathetic for sweat glands and some smooth muscle.
31
Where are adrenergic neurons found?
Postganglionic in the sympathetic nervous system.
32
How is acetylcholine synthesized?
1. Choline is taken into the cell with a sodium exchanger 2. Acetyl Coa and choline are combined by ChAT. 3. Acetylcholine is taken into the vessicle and when stim with Ca gets out into the synapse.
33
What is the mechanism of reuptake for acetylcholine?
Acetylcholine is broken down by AChE and sometimes the choline is reused.
34
What are the types of cholinergic receptors?
Nicotinic and muscarininc.
35
What is the primary agonist of muscarinic channels?
Muscarine
36
What is the main odd muscarinic receptor?
M3
37
What g protein is coupled with an M3 receptor?
Gq
38
What is the effect of stimulation of the M3 receptor?
Increased calcium leading to muscle contraction.
39
What is the main even muscarinic receptor?
M2
40
What is the effect of stimulation of the M2 receptor?
Increased K out, decreased cAMP and decreased HR via funny channel.
41
What is the g protein coupled with M2 receptor?
Gi
42
How is dopamine synthesized? How is norepinephrine synthesized?
1. Tyrosine is brought into the cell and turned into DOPA 2.DOPA turns into dopamine and gets in vesicle. 3. Inside that vesicle, Norepinephrine is made and released.
43
What is the mechanism for reuptake of Norepinephrine?
Reuptake to be recycled back to vesicles or metabolized by monoamine oxidase. And on a lesser note it can be metabolized by COMT.
44
What type of receptor are adrenergic receptors?
GPCR
45
What is the effect of alpha 1 receptor stimulation?
Increase in calcium in VSM to increase vasoconstriction, contractile force, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
46
What is the effect of alpha 2 receptor stimulation?
Decreased Ca and cAMP for presynaptic regulatory feedback.
47
What is the effect of beta 1 receptor stimulation?
Increased HR via the funny channel, increased CO and increased fluid retention.
48
What is the effect of beta 2 receptor stimulation?
Lung dilation and skeletal muscle vasodilation
49
What is the effect of beta 3 receptor stimulation?
Lipolysis and NO release
50
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of NE to increase sympathetic response.
51
What is the MOA of Amphetamine and Tyramine?
Drugs are taken into the NE transporters and into the vesicles to fill them up which makes no room for NE so, the NE transporters reverse and send NE out of the cell into the synapse.
52
What is the method of action of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine?
Same as amphetamine and tyramine but also bind alpha and beta receptors directly.
53
Which adrenergic receptors does epinephrine activate?
All adrenergic receptors
54
What is the effect of low dose epinephrine on the pulse, BP and TRP?
Pulse: UP BP: same TPR: Down
55
What is the effect of high dose epinephrine on the pulse, BP and TRP?
Pulse: Up BP: same TPR: Up
56
What are the clinical uses for epinephrine?
Anaphylazis Toxic Shock Cardiac arrest
57
How is epinephrine metabolized?
High first pass effect due to high COMT so, its not administered orally and it is excreted in urine (broken down by COMT and MAO)
58
What are the adverse effects of epinephrine?
Sympathetic responses on crack.
59
What receptors does norepinephrine activate?
All adrenergic exept B2
60
What is the effect of norepinephrine on the pulse, BP and TRP?
Pulse: Down BP: Up TRP: Way up
61
What are the clinical uses of norepinephrine?
Septic shock Hypotension Vasopressor
62
What are the adverse effects of norepinephrine?
High hypertension and same as epineprhine.
63
What is the effect of dopamine 1?
Vasodilaton (hypotensive)
64
What receptors does dopamine activate?
Alpha 1 and beta 1
65
What effect does dopamine 2 have?
Affect presynaptic receptors to inhibit NE release.
66
What are the clinical uses of dopamine?
Cardiogenic shock, septic shock and hypotension.
67
What happens in a high dose of dopamine?
Acts like NE.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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