L1: Behaviour Therapy

Question 1

What are common features amongst the different forms of behaviour therapy?

Answer 1

1) goal is to change behaviour
2) empiricism
3) belief that all behaviour has a function in the context that they occur
4) focus on maintaining factors, not really long term causes
5) directive approach (advice, homework)
6) transparency (give explanations about the treatment and theory)

Question 2

What therapies is behaviour therapy most similar to?

Answer 2

CBT & rational emotion behaviour therapy

Question 3

What therapy is behaviour therapy most different from?

Answer 3

psychodynamic therapy

Question 4

What is the stance of BT on trait approaches to personality?

Answer 4

behavioural approaches reject trait approaches to personality, as they believe that behaviour is influenced by an ever fluctuating environment and not a stable personality factor

Question 5

Classical Conditioning - Definition

Answer 5

previously neutral CS comes to predict occurrence of US, eliciting CR

Question 6

Operant Conditioning - Definition

Answer 6

learning where frequency/strength of behaviour is influenced by reinforcement

Question 7

Positive Reinforcement - Definition

Answer 7

increasing behaviour by giving a rewarding stimulus

Question 8

Negative Reinforcement - Definition

Answer 8

increasing behaviour by removing an aversive stimulus

Question 9

Positive Punishment - Definition

Answer 9

decreasing behaviour by giving an aversive stimulus

Question 10

Negative Punishment - Definition

Answer 10

decreasing behaviour by removing a rewarding stimulus

Question 11

Discrimination Learning - Definition

Answer 11

responses reinforced/punished in some situations but ✕ all, making the response become context dependent

Question 12

According to BT, all behaviour is learned through which potential pathways?

Answer 12

1) classical conditioning
2) operant conditioning
3) vicarious learning
4) instructional learning

Question 13

What is the role of the therapeutic alliance in BT?

Answer 13

Therapeutic alliance can provide social reinforcement for desired behaviour & be a model for desired interpersonal skills

Question 14

Emotional Processing Theory - Definition

Answer 14

exposure changes association between S, R, meaning components of emotional memories

Question 15

What are the goals of behavioural assessment in BT?

Answer 15

1) identifying target behaviours
2) determining treatment course
3) assessing impact of therapy throughout time + at end of treatment

Question 16

Target Behaviours - Definition

Answer 16

specific behaviours, defined by client and clinician collaboratively, that are to be changed during therapy

Question 17

Behavioural Deficits - Definition

Answer 17

behaviours that occur less often than desired, such as social skills deficits

Question 18

Behavioural Excesses - Definition

Answer 18

behaviours that occur more often than desired, such as compulsive checking

Question 19

What are the components of behavioural assessment in BT?

Answer 19

1) functional analysis
2) behavioural interviews
3) behavioural observation
4) monitoring forms & diaries
5) self-report scales
6) psychophysiological assessment

Question 20

Operant conditioning stategies - Definition

Answer 20

changing patterns of reinforcement + punishment in the environment so that desired behaviour ⬆ & undesired behaviour ⬇ in frequency

Question 21

What are different types of operant conditioning/reinforcement based strategies?

Answer 21

1) differential reinforcement
2) contingency management
3) token economy

Question 22

Differential reinforcement - Definition

Answer 22

reinforce abstinence of unwanted behaviour & occurrence of desired behaviour

Question 23

contingency management - Definition

Answer 23

change environment so that unwanted behaviour ✕ longer reinforced

Question 24

aversion therapy - Definition

Answer 24

neutral stim paired w aversive stim to condition negative response to neutral stim

Question 25

How effective is aversion conditioning?

Answer 25

not effective, as ppl tend to relapse in the long term

Question 26

response prevention - Definition

Answer 26

inhibiting unwanted behaviours to break association S - R. The client is asked to tolerate the discomfort until it subsides. Sometimes a competing behaviour is introduced, like chewing gum instead of smoking

Question 27

What are different types of relaxation training?

Answer 27

1) breathing retraining 2) guided mental imagery 3) progressive relaxation

Question 28

stimulus-control procedures - definition

Answer 28

arranging environment in a way that a given response is either ⬆ or ⬇ likely to occur

Question 29

behavioural activation - Definition

Answer 29

scheduling of specific activities for client to complete that ⬆ contact w diverse, stable, personally meaningful sources of positive reinforcement

Question 30

What are the steps of problem solving training in BT?

Answer 30

1) defining problem 2) identify possible solutions 3) evaluating possible solutions 4) choosing solution 5) implementing solution

Question 31

acceptance based behavioural therapies - Definition

Answer 31

aim to teach ppl to accept unwanted thoughts + emotions rather than try to control them

Question 32

what are different acceptance based behavioural therapies?

Answer 32

1) mindfulness 2) ACT 3) DBT

Question 33

mindfulness - definition

Answer 33

facilitating acceptance & attending to experiences in the moment

Question 34

acceptance and commitment therapy - definition

Answer 34

fostering acceptance & encouraging ppl to become ⬆ aware of their values so that their behaviour can come to match them

Question 35

dialectical behaviour therapy - definition

Answer 35

CBT + mindfulness for acceptance and toleration of distress

Question 36

what are the central constructs of behaviour therapy?

Answer 36

1) case conceptualization 2) functional analysis 3) meaning analysis 4) exposure

Question 37

case conceptualization - definition

Answer 37

therapist summary of the clients problems

Question 38

functional analysis - definition

Answer 38

analysis of variables causing & maintaining behaviours. It is based on operant conditioning, as the therapist attempts to determine which reinforcement & punishment is present in the case

Question 39

meaning analysis - definition

Answer 39

analysis of how & why certain causes elicit the problem behaviour. it is based on classical conditioning, as the therapist tries to establish how a certain stimulus became aversive

Question 40

behaviour therapy - definition

Answer 40

aims to change factors in the environment that influence an individuals behaviour as well as the ways in which individuals respond to their environment