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Small Animal Medicine: Exam 1 (Spring 2016) > L1: Blood And Blood Products (Cooke) > Flashcards

L1: Blood And Blood Products (Cooke) Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Most common dog blood type

A

DEA 1.1 positive

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2
Q

Cat blood types

A

A, B, AB

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3
Q

DEA =

A

Dog erythrocyte antigen

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4
Q

Most common cat blood type

A

A

-have Ab to type B RBC (usually weak IgG response –> early RBC destruction)

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5
Q

Type B cats have Ab to what RBC?

A

Type A

-strong IgM Ab response –> severe rxn within minutes

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6
Q

Type B most common in what breeds

A
  • British shorthair
  • Devon rex
  • Persian
  • Abyssinian
  • Himalayan
  • Birman
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7
Q

Lifespan of properly matched RBCs in a cat?

A

30 days

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8
Q

Lifespan of type B RBCs given to type A cat?

A

2 days

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9
Q

Dal antigen

A
  • missing in some Dalmatians

- must acquire Ab to it, so usually won’t have rxn to it on first transfusion

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10
Q

Mik antigen

A
  • uncommon in cats
  • type but not cross-match compatible (should cross-match for it)
  • cats have PRE-FORMED antibodies to it
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11
Q

What is the minimum time required to create Ab to a transfusion?

A

4 days

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12
Q

Indications for cross matching

A
  • dog with previous transfusion (+/- pregnancy)

- cats

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13
Q

Major cross match

A

Recipient plasma with donor RBCs

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14
Q

Minor cross match

A

Donor plasma with recipient cells

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15
Q

How long can blood be stored?

A

about 3 weeks

-adsol increases the lifespan

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16
Q

Packed red cells are ___x as concentrated as whole blood

A

2x

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17
Q

How much whole blood given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/lb

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18
Q

How much PRBCs given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/kg (or 1 ml/lb to increase PCV 2%)

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19
Q

SIRS =

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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20
Q

Types of transfusion reactions

A

1) immune-mediated hemolysis
2) allergic reactions
3) febrile, non-hemolytic reaction
4) Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
5) Sepsis
6) non-immune mediated hemolysis

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21
Q

Immune-mediated hemolysis

A
  • due to pre-formed Ab (IgG, IgM)
  • complement, cytokines –> SIRS
  • fever, vomiting, shock
  • hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria
  • tx = stop the transfusion!
  • IV hemolysis
  • ie. Giving type A blood to type B cat
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22
Q

Transfusion reactions

A
  • IgE mediated –> mast cell degranulation
  • mild pruritus to systemic anaphylaxis
  • tx: stop transfusion, give benadryl, +/- glucocorticoids and epi
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23
Q

Cause and tx of febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion rxn

A
  • cause: WBC-produced cytokines due to storage, leukoreduction filters
  • CS: fever, no hemolysis
  • Tx: stop transfusion, give NSAIDs, +/- restart at lower rate
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24
Q

Cause of non-immune mediated hemolysis

A

Storage/administration issue

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25
Massive transfusion
>1 blood volume >22 ml/kg/day -can --> hypocalcemia, hypoK, hypothermia, coagulopathy
26
Indications for fresh whole blood
- massive acute blood loss - liver failure - DIC - no stored products available
27
Adv/Disadv. Of fresh whole blood
Adv: platelets, clotting factors Disadv: volume, time
28
Indications for PRBCs
-acute blood loss (
29
Most common cat blood type
A | -have Ab to type B RBC (usually weak IgG response --> early RBC destruction)
30
Type B cats have Ab to what RBC?
Type A | -strong IgM Ab response --> severe rxn within minutes
31
Type B most common in what breeds
- British shorthair - Devon rex - Persian - Abyssinian - Himalayan - Birman
32
Lifespan of properly matched RBCs in a cat?
30 days
33
Lifespan of type B RBCs given to type A cat?
2 days
34
Dal antigen
- missing in some Dalmatians | - must acquire Ab to it, so usually won't have rxn to it on first transfusion
35
Mik antigen
- uncommon in cats - type but not cross-match compatible (should cross-match for it) - cats have PRE-FORMED antibodies to it
36
What is the minimum time required to create Ab to a transfusion?
4 days
37
Indications for cross matching
- dog with previous transfusion (+/- pregnancy) | - cats
38
Major cross match
Recipient plasma with donor RBCs
39
Minor cross match
Donor plasma with recipient cells
40
How long can blood be stored?
about 3 weeks | -adsol increases the lifespan
41
Packed red cells are ___x as concentrated as whole blood
2x
42
How much whole blood given to increase PCV by 1%?
1 ml/lb
43
How much PRBCs given to increase PCV by 1%?
1 ml/kg (or 1 ml/lb to increase PCV 2%)
44
SIRS =
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
45
Types of transfusion reactions
1) immune-mediated hemolysis 2) allergic reactions 3) febrile, non-hemolytic reaction 4) Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) 5) Sepsis 6) non-immune mediated hemolysis
46
Immune-mediated hemolysis
- due to pre-formed Ab (IgG, IgM) - complement, cytokines --> SIRS - fever, vomiting, shock - hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria - tx = stop the transfusion! - IV hemolysis - ie. Giving type A blood to type B cat
47
Transfusion reactions
- IgE mediated --> mast cell degranulation - mild pruritus to systemic anaphylaxis - tx: stop transfusion, give benadryl, +/- glucocorticoids and epi
48
Cause and tx of febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion rxn
- cause: WBC-produced cytokines due to storage, leukoreduction filters - CS: fever, no hemolysis - Tx: stop transfusion, give NSAIDs, +/- restart at lower rate
49
Cause of non-immune mediated hemolysis
Storage/administration issue
50
Massive transfusion
>1 blood volume >22 ml/kg/day -can --> hypocalcemia, hypoK, hypothermia, coagulopathy
51
Indications for fresh whole blood
- massive acute blood loss - liver failure - DIC - no stored products available
52
Adv/Disadv. Of fresh whole blood
Adv: platelets, clotting factors Disadv: volume, time
53
Indications for PRBCs
-acute blood loss (
54
Adv/disadv. Of PRBCs
- Adv: less volume, stored | - Disadv: no platelets or factors, ammonia accumulation (don't use on liver patients)
55
Fresh frozen plasma contains:
- clotting factors - antithrombin - platelets
56
Indications for fresh frozen plasma
- DIC - Hemophilia A+B (coagulopathy) - hypoalbuminemia
57
Shelf life of FFP
1 year
58
Adv./Disadv. of FFP
Adv: - less antigenic (has less cellular components) - specific Disadv: -storage space
59
Frozen (stored) plasma lacks:
factors V and VIII
60
Indications of frozen plasma
- Vit. K rodenticide - Hemophilia B - Hypoalbuminemia
61
Adv. of frozen plasma
- stored - less volume - long shelf life (5 years) - cheaper
62
Cryoprecipitate contains:
-concentrated factor VIII, vWF, fibrinogen, and fibronectin
63
Indications for cryoprecipitate
- Von Willebrand's dz | - Hemophilia A
64
Indication for platelet concentrate
-thrombocytopenia with ACTIVE bleeding (or prior to surgery) ie. Splenectomy (Infrequently used)
65
Indication for platelet-rich plasma
-thrombocytopenia with active bleeding | Infrequently used
66
Indications for concentrated albumin
- hypoproteinemia with CS - not currently available - can cause type 3 hypersensitivity rxn
67
General recommendations
- blood type AND crossmatch prior to any feline transfusion - blood type cats from breeds likely to be type B - blood type all potential donors - donors shouldn't have been previously transfused or pregnant - all breeding animals should be blood typed - patients likely to require multiple transfusions should ideally be blood typed so that type-specific blood can be administered
68
IF all canine donors are DEA 1.1 negative, and the patient has not been transfused or pregnant before, THEN:
It SHOULD be safe to transfuse cellular products without crossmatching (acute hemolysis unlikely)

Small Animal Medicine: Exam 1 (Spring 2016) (3 decks)

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