L1: Digestive System Path: Oral Cavity/Esophagus (Castleman)

Question 1

cleft palate

Answer 1

developmental abnormalities due to delayed development and fusion of the lateral palatine arches

• genetic or toxic etiology (ie. plants, steroids)
• common complication = aspiration pneumonia

Question 2

brachygnathia

Answer 2

abnormal shortness of mandible. May be caused by genetics, Ca def., chondrodysplasia.
-malocclusion, tooth growth/wear abnormalities common

Question 3

Prognathia

Answer 3

protrusion of mandible.May be caused by genetics, Ca def., chondrodysplasia.
-malocclusion, tooth growth/wear abnormalities common

Question 4

Developmental diseases of oral cavity

Answer 4

• cleft palate
• prognathism
• Brachygnathism

Question 5

types of inflammatory lesions of oral cavity/esophagus

Answer 5

• vesicular
• erosive/ulcerative
• proliferative
• necrotizing
• pseudomembranous, granulomatous

Question 6

causes of vesicular stomatitis/esophagitis

Answer 6

viral (usual)
thermal, toxic (rare)
Ex: FMD
-causes dissociation of epithelial cells and accumulation of fluid
-short lived vesicular lesions
-progresses rapidly to erosions/ulcers

Question 7

causes of erosive/ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 7

• viral (ie. BVD, feline herpesvirus)
• toxic (ie. phenybutazone)
• uremia (chronic renal disease)
• immune mediated disease

Question 8

causes of PROLIFERATIVE stomatitis/esophagitis

Answer 8

parapox virus:

• calves: bovine papular stomatitis
• sheep, goat: contagious ecthyma

Question 9

papular stomatitis occurs in what type of epithelium

Answer 9

stratified squamous non-keratinized

Question 10

causes of NECROTIZING stomatitis

Answer 10

bacterial (ie. 2ary to trauma)

infarctive

Question 11

oral necrobacillosis

Answer 11

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 12

Wooden Tongue

Answer 12

-induces classec necrotizing lesion on tongue (can also affect pharynx, etc.)

Question 13

cause of foot and mouth disease and species affected

Answer 13

picronavirus, (ruminants, pigs)

Question 14

cause of vesicular stomatitis and species affected

Answer 14

rhabdovirus (ruminants, pigs, horses)

Question 15

cause of vesicular exanthema and species affected

Answer 15

calicivirus (pigs)

Question 16

cause of swine vesicular disease and species affected

Answer 16

enterovirus (pigs)

Question 17

Q: Vesicular oral lesions can be induced by all of the following except:***

Answer 17

A) FMD virus
B) Thermal injury
C) vesicular stomatitis virus
D) swine vesicular disease virus
E) bovine papular stomatitis virus <--------

Question 18

Q: Ulcerative oral lesions can be induced by:***

Answer 18

A) chronic uremia
B) calicivirus
C) BVD virus
D) FMD virus
E) All of the above <----------

Question 19

neoplastic diseases of dog (and cats) in oral cavity

Answer 19

• periodontal fibromatous epulis (composed of clusters of basal cells within fibroblasts)
• acanthomatous ameloblastoma
• squamous cell carcinoma
• melanoma
• fibrosarcoma

Question 20

histo features of periodontal fibromatous epulis

Answer 20

• mesenchymal spindle to stellate cells
• odontogenic epithelium
• variable matrix with chars. of bone, dentin, or cementum

Question 21

behavior of periodontal fibromatous epulis

Answer 21

• expansile and non-invasive, excision usually curative

- onset mean 8.5 yrs

Question 22

Chars. of acanthomatous ameloblastoma in dogs

Answer 22

• epithelial component invades into local tissue and is destructive to maxilla or mandible
• do NOT met, but are aggressive/invasive
• mean 8.8yo
• can occur anywhere on gingiva
• histo: interconnecting, invasive sheets of odontogenic epithelium

Question 23

chars. of squamous cell carcinoma in DOGS

Answer 23

• mean 8yo
• location: tonsil, gingiva, lip, tongue, palate, pharynx
• nodular, firm, +/- ulceration grossly
• worst if tonsilar

Question 24

behavior of untreated squamous cell carcinoma in DOGS

Answer 24

• metastasis to regional nodes early (98%) with frequent more distant mets (63%)
• locally invasive, lower percentage 5-10% metastasize

Question 25

chars. of squamous cell carcinoma in CATS

Answer 25

- most common oral tumor in the cat - median 12yo - tongue and gingiva most common - similar gross appearance as in dogs

Question 26

behavior of untreated squamous cell carcinoma in CATS

Answer 26

- locally invasive and mass producing; destructive to bone | - 15% met to local LN

Question 27

chars. of malignant melanoma in DOGS

Answer 27

- mean 11yo - location: gingiva and lips - melanin usually present (amelanotic ones most aggressive) - can be proliferative or ulcerative

Question 28

behavior of malignant melanoma if DOGS if untreated

Answer 28

70% met to regional LN and 67% to distant sites

Question 29

chars. of fibrosarcoma in DOGS

Answer 29

- mean 7.2yo - location: gingiva, palates, lip, tongue - histo: mixture of collagen and spindle cells

Question 30

behavior of fibrosarcoma in dogs if untreated

Answer 30

- local infiltration and tissue destruction | - 20% met to local LN and 10-20% to lungs

Question 31

``` Q: Which of the following oral neoplasms in dogs has the greatest probability of met? A) tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma B) periodontal fibromatous epulis C) acanthomatous ameloblastoma D) squamous papilloma E) leiomyoma ```

Answer 31

A) tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

Question 32

``` Q: the most likely cause is trauma and infection by? A) Candida albicans B) Bovine papular stomatitis virus C) Fusobacterium necrophorum D) Foot and mouth disease virus E) Arcanobacterium pyogenes ```

Answer 32

C) Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 33

``` Q: Which of the following oral neoplasma in dogs has the least probability of metastasis? A) melanoma B) periodontal fibromatous epulis C) acanthomatous ameloblastoma D) fibrosarcoma E) leiomyomasarcoma ```

Answer 33

B) periodontal fibromatous epulis

Question 34

types of path in the esophagus

Answer 34

- inflammatory dz (ie. reflux esophagitis) - megaesophagus - impaction/obstruction - neoplasia

Question 35

megaesophagus

Answer 35

dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient, absent, or uncoordinated peristalsis

Question 36

megaesophagus assoc. in dogs with:

Answer 36

- persistent R 4th aortic arch - idiopathic denervation or neuropathy - polymyositis - myasthenia gravis - hypothyroidism - Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 37

3 types of esophageal neoplasms

Answer 37

- papilloma (most common in cattle; can be caused by squamous proliferations or BPV) - leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma - squamous cell carcinoma