L1 - Intro Flashcards
(8 cards)
Characteristics of the NS and endocrine system
NS: point to point control - nerves; electrical and fast
Endo: chemicals into blood and extracellular fluid
Communication: Endocrine, paracrine/autocrine, Neuroendocrine and Neurotransmitter
Endo: secreting cell - blood - target
Paracrine/Local: one cell to another /Autocrine: same cell
neuroendo: nerve - blood - cell
NT: nerve to nerve
Hormone receptors features and availabilty
Recognition - Specificity - discriminating for hormone 3D structures
Availability: dynamic equilibrium > synthesis and degradation
Pathological conditions can reflect:
Abnormal binding sites
Reg subunits not functionally coupled
Reg subunits unable to signal a cellular response
Reg subunits signal response without bound hormones
Synergy
Can upregulate
may refelct: influence of one hormone on availability of receptors for sewcond hormone (upreg)
Arnold Berthold (1849)
Roosters: aggressive, pronounced comb and wattle, well developed muscles , strong crow
Info carrid by chemical mediator produced in the testes and received by target cells critical to tissue maturation
Testes placed on a different site still worked and when swapped
Only didnt work when completely removed
Peptides and Proteins
Products of translation
Vary considerably in size
Synthesized as prohormones, then proteolytically clipped
Synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum, transferred to the Golgi and packaged into secretory vesicles for export
Most peptide hormones circulate unbound to other proteins
Half life a few minutes
Regulated release (exocytosis)
Circulate usualluy unbound
Stored in secretpry vesicles
Steroids
derivatives of cholesterol
No storage
