L1: Introduction and History of Addiction Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the historical transition of the concept of addiction?
From moral failing to medical condition
Early views framed addiction as immoral/sinful behavior, shifting to recognition as a public health issue.
Who was Dr. Benjamin Rush and what was his contribution to the understanding of addiction?
Linked alcohol to public health and social issues in 1784
He argued that addiction is a societal issue, not just an individual failing.
What is the definition of alcoholism as per Alcoholics Anonymous?
Defined as an ‘allergy’ that impairs control over drinking
This promotes the disease framing of alcoholism.
What are the contemporary views on substance-related addictions?
Recognized as mental disorders influenced by biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors.
What is the Moral Model of addiction?
Views addiction as immoral conduct
It blames individuals for their addiction and advocates for punishment over treatment.
What is the Disease Model of addiction?
Sees addiction as a disease, where addicts are victims of an illness deserving compassionate care.
What does the Susceptibility Model emphasize?
Genetic vulnerability and gene-environment interactions.
What is the Exposure Model in addiction?
Focuses on the effects of drugs on the brain, particularly the activation of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
What are the key features of the Psychodynamic Model of addiction?
Addiction as an expression of unresolved trauma and emotional dysregulation.
What does the Learning/Behavioural Model propose?
Addiction as a learned behavior reinforced by rewards or escape from negative emotions.
What are the main criteria for Substance Use Disorders in DSM-5?
Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, pharmacological symptoms
Requires 2 or more criteria within 12 months for diagnosis.
What significant changes occurred from DSM-IV to DSM-5 regarding addiction terminology?
Changed from ‘Substance abuse’ and ‘Substance dependence’ to ‘substance use disorders’.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Mild Substance Use Disorder in DSM-5?
2-3 criteria met.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Severe Substance Use Disorder in DSM-5?
6 or more criteria met.
What defines behavioural addictions?
Excessive reward-seeking without substance use, characterized by craving, tolerance, withdrawal, and loss of control.
What are the components of Griffiths’ Components Model of Addiction?
Salience, Mood Modification, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Conflict, Relapse.
What are the risks of including behavioural addictions in the DSM?
Dilution of psychiatric diagnosis legitimacy, potential stigma, over-pathologizing normal behaviors.
What opportunities arise from including behavioural addictions in the DSM?
Addresses unmet clinical needs, improves treatment access, recognizes functional impairments.
Fill in the blank: The DSM-5 includes _______ as the first non-substance behavioural addiction.
Gambling Disorder.
What is the significance of the term ‘loss of control’ in the context of addiction?
Indicates that addictive behaviors occur despite attempts to abstain or moderate use.
What is the role of immediate gratification in addictive behaviors?
Often coupled with delayed deleterious effects.
True or False: The Disease Model of addiction suggests that addiction is freely chosen.
False.
What is a key assumption of the Learning/Behavioural Model?
Addiction is reinforced by rewards or escape from negative emotions.
What are the implications of the Psychodynamic Model for treatment?
Focuses on uncovering and resolving underlying emotional conflicts through therapy.
