L1 Introduction to Infection and Immunity Flashcards
(21 cards)
World wide infection death
1/3
Healthcare associated infection [6]
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia Staph Aureus Clostridium Difficile Enterococcus Wound infection Implant infection
1:4 Deaths in the UK
18-19th century
Mycobacterium TB
Bacteria
Binary Fission Maybe mobile - flagella Mycoplasma and chlamydiae are wall deficient Spirochetes - treponema pallidum Rickettsia and actinomyces
Candida species
Albicans -> yeast
unicellular & reproduce by budding
Aspergillus species
Fumigatus -> mould, multicellular
Reproduce by spores
Protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica - amoebic dystentry
Plasmodium Falciparum - malaria
TB decline due to
natural selection
resistance polymorphisms
Tolerance
A state of immunological non-reactivity to antigen
Our proteins, harmless environmental antigens and commensal
Taxonomy
Genus first
Pneumococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningococcus
Neisseria Meningitidis
E coli O157:H7
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
S pyogenes M3T3
Toxic shock syndrome
Prokaryotes
Bacteria, archaea (blue-green algae) 70s ribosomes (50s + 30s subunit) No nucleus Non-genetic DNA Peptidoglycan cell wall Haploid
Eukaryotes
Fungi (candida), protozoa and helminths
Membrane bound nucleus, 80s (60s and 40s)
Round
Coccus/cocci
Streptococcus and enterococcus
Long
Bacillus/bacilli
Enterobacter
Gram staining
Fixation - crystal violet - iodine - decolourise - counter stain (safranin)
Purple = gram +ve
Pink = gram -ve
Switch between anaerobic and aerobic respiration
Facultative anaerobes
Nutritional requirements of bacteria
Purine/pyrimidine, amino acid and vitamins
e. coli = glucose + inorganic salt –> easy growth
treponema pallidum = specialised, enriched medium. Hard to grow fastidious
