L1 Introduction to Neurology

Question 1

what general area of the brain houses more cerebral function

Answer 1

the top of the brain - frontal, parietal lobes etc.

Question 2

what part of the brain houses more primal functions

Answer 2

lower part - medulla oblongata & midbrain etc.

Question 3

general functions of frontal lobe

Answer 3

motor, executive function, speech production

Question 4

general functions of parietal lobe

Answer 4

sensory integration
dominant hemisphere: calculation, wiriting praxis
non-dominant hemisphere: spatial awareness and dressing

Question 5

general functions of temporal lobe

Answer 5

hearing, memory, semantics, recognition, speech comprehension

Question 6

general function of occipital lobe

Answer 6

visual processing

Question 7

basal ganglia general function

Answer 7

co-ordinates movement (particularly the magnitude of movement)

Question 8

general functions of thalamus

Answer 8

connects broadly with different cortial areas, functions in sensory, motor and limbic systems

Question 9

general functions of hypothalamus

Answer 9

maintains internal homeostasis

Question 10

what structures are contained in the brainstem

Answer 10

midbrain, pons, medulla oblingata

Question 11

what are the main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 11

coordination and balance

Question 12

where do the upper motor neurons carry information

Answer 12

from the top of the brain to the brain stem (ie. within the CNS)

Question 13

where do the lower motor neurons carry information

Answer 13

from the brainstem to the rest of the body (ie. the PNS)

Question 14

symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 14

• increased tone (spasticity)
• brisk reflexes
• ankle clonus
• upgoing plantars
• pyaramidal weakness
• no fasciculations
• minimal wasting

Question 15

symptoms of lower motor neuron lesions

Answer 15

• normal or descreased tone
• depressed reflexes
• downgoing planatars
• flaccid weakness
• wasing
• fasciculations

Question 16

what is CN I

Answer 16

the olfactory nerve

Question 17

is the olfactory nerve sensory or motor

Answer 17

sensory

Question 18

what is the function of CN I

Answer 18

smell, anosmia, and taste

Question 19

what is CNII

Answer 19

optic nerve

Question 20

is the optic nerve sensory or motor

Answer 20

sensory

Question 21

function of CN II

Answer 21

visual acuity and visual fields

Question 22

what is CN III

Answer 22

occulomotor

Question 23

is the occulomotor nerve sensory or motor

Answer 23

motor

Question 24

function of CN III

Answer 24

eye movements

Question 25

what is CN IV

Answer 25

trochlear

Question 26

is the trochlear nerve sensory or motor

Answer 26

motor

Question 27

what is the function of CN IV

Answer 27

eye movements (the superior oblique muscle)

Question 28

what is CN V

Answer 28

trigeminal

Question 29

is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor

Answer 29

both

Question 30

what are the subdivisions of CN V

Answer 30

- V1 - ophthalmic - V2 - maxillary - V3 - mandibular

Question 31

what are the sensory subdivisions and functions of CN V

Answer 31

- V1 - ophthalmic - V2 - maxillary - V3 - mandibular supply sensory innervation to the face and buccal mucosa

Question 32

what are the motor subdivisions and functions of CN V

Answer 32

- V3 mandibular provides motor innervation to muscles of mastication

Question 33

what is CN VI

Answer 33

abducens

Question 34

is the abducens sensory or motor

Answer 34

motor

Question 35

function of CN VI

Answer 35

eye movement (lateral rectus muscle)

Question 36

what is CN VII

Answer 36

facial

Question 37

is the facial nerve sensory or motor

Answer 37

both

Question 38

CN VII sensory function

Answer 38

taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

Question 39

motor function of CN VII

Answer 39

facial expression muscles

Question 40

autonomic function of CN VII

Answer 40

submandibular and sublingual (salivary) glands

Question 41

what is CN VIII

Answer 41

vestibulocochlear

Question 42

is the vestibulocochlear nerve motor or sensory

Answer 42

sensory

Question 43

function of the cochlear branch of CN VIII

Answer 43

hearing

Question 44

function of vestibular banch of CN VIII

Answer 44

sensory information about orientation from semicircular canals

Question 45

what is CN IX

Answer 45

glossopharyngeal

Question 46

is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor

Answer 46

both

Question 47

sensory functions of CN IX

Answer 47

sensory innervation to the pharynx and taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 48

motor function of CN IX

Answer 48

motor innervation to Stylopharyngeus (larynx/pharynx elevation), and parotid gland for secretion of saliva

Question 49

what is CN X

Answer 49

vagus

Question 50

is the vagus nerve sensory or motor

Answer 50

both

Question 51

motor functions of CN X

Answer 51

Pharynx, vocal cords, soft palate, and upper oesophagus

Question 52

sensory functions of CN X

Answer 52

innervation to the larynx

Question 53

what is CN XI

Answer 53

accessory

Question 54

is the accessory nerve motor or sensory

Answer 54

motor

Question 55

functions of CN XI

Answer 55

Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (particular for breathing)

Question 56

what is CN XII

Answer 56

hypoglossal

Question 57

is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory

Answer 57

motor

Question 58

functions of CN XII

Answer 58

tongue movements

Question 59

example of a deficit of CN XII

Answer 59

unilateral paralysis resulting in wasting, and deviation of tongue to the affected side.

Question 60

which system is involved in flaccid and spastic dysarthria

Answer 60

pyramidal system

Question 61

which system is involved in hyperkinetic and hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 61

extrapyramidal system

Question 62

which system is involved in ataxic dysarthria

Answer 62

cerebellar