L1 - Introduction/UK Marine Conservation

Question 1

Give 3 reasons why we should bother with marine conservation

Answer 1

1. To give attention to less known species - to reduce the effect of the fluffy theory of conservation
2. Because there is a recreational value of the marine environment
3. To support the global economy

Question 2

In which year was the UK’s Marine Biodiversity Action Plan published by the government?

Answer 2

1994

Question 3

How many marine mammal species are found in UK waters and how many of which are regularly recorded?

Answer 3

28 and 10 regularly recorded

Question 4

What are the two most common cetaceans species found in UK waters?

Answer 4

The Harbour Porpoise and The Common Dolphin

Question 5

What are the main conservation issues for cetaceans?

Answer 5

1. Bycatch
2. Food Supply
3. Marine Pollution

Question 6

Which 3 species of whale are highly threatened?

Answer 6

Northern Right Whale
Blue Whale
Humpback Whale

Question 7

What are the main conservation issues for whales?

Answer 7

1. Unknown recoveries from whaling
2. Scientific whaling is still legal
3. Marine Pollution
4. Cetacean Decompression Sickness
5. Redistribution of plankton with climate change = deceased food supply for filter feeders

Question 8

What is CDS?

Answer 8

Cetacean Decompression Sickness

Question 9

Complete the Sentence:

If you have more than ___% of the global population you are internationally obliged to conserve and protect decline

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

What are the 2 main species of seals found in UK waters?

Answer 10

The Grey Seal and the Common Seal

Question 11

What are the main conservation issues for seals?

Answer 11

1. Phocine Distemper Virus
2. Bycatch in near-shore gill nets
3. Marine Pollution
4. Disturbance due to Tourism

Question 12

Why is it hard to conserve and collect data on reptiles like the Leatherback Turtle?

Answer 12

They are oceanic wanderers

Question 13

What % of demersal fish are below safe biological limits?

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

What is the only species of stable and protected sharks?

Answer 14

Basking Shark

Question 15

What are the main conservation issues for fish?

Answer 15

1. Overfishing
2. Loss of spawning grounds
3. Global warming
4. Marine Pollution
5. Insufficient Data

Question 16

What is a Teleosts?

Answer 16

Boney Fish

Question 17

What is an Elasmobranch?

Answer 17

Fish with no Bones

Question 18

How many species seabirds are there in the UK?

Answer 18

25

Question 19

Why are populations of Roseate Turn in decline?

Answer 19

They are emigrating to Ireland where there is less disturbance

Question 20

What is botulism?

Answer 20

When a bird feeds of landfill and gets a bacterial infection

Question 21

What are the main conversation issues to seabirds?

Answer 21

1. Habitat Loss
2. Food Supply
3. Marine Pollution
4. Bycatch

Question 22

What are the main conservation issues to shorebirds?

Answer 22

1. Habitat Loss
2. Reversed effects of eutrophication
3. Disturbance

Question 23

Name 3 particularly rare invertebrates/marcoalgae?

Answer 23

1. Pink Seafan
2. Tall Sea Pen
3. Native Oyster

Question 24

How much habitat is lost each time an area of the North Sea is dredged?

Answer 24

98%

Question 25

Name 3 habitat forming organisms and what they form

Answer 25

1. Sabellaria alveolata -- intertidal and subtotal biogenic reefs 2. Modiolus modiolus -- subtidal beds 3. Lophelia pertusa -- deep water cold corals

Question 26

What is maerl?

Answer 26

Calcified Red Algae that forms subtidal beds

Question 27

Which Chalk Reef has a problem with invasive pacific oysters?

Answer 27

Norfolk Chalk Reef

Question 28

What are the 12 main threats to the marine environment as a result of human activity?

Answer 28

1. Offshore Oil & Gas 2. Shipping 3. Renewable Energy 4. Fisheries 5. Mariculture 6. Dredging 7. Recreation 8. Marine Aggregates 9. Engineering 10. Waste Dumping 11. Military Activity 12. Land Run-Off

Question 29

What was the difference between the 1979 and 1998 reviews of conservation in the UK?

Answer 29

In 1998 there was more of an ecosystem approach compared to the traditional species approach in 1979

Question 30

What are the 5 sections of the marine bill (in order of importance and declining scale)

Answer 30

1. Wider Seas 2. Regional Seas 3. Marine Landscapes 4. Important Marine Areas 5. Priority Marine Features

Question 31

What is the name of the area in focus for the Wider Seas approach? and what does the Wider Seas approach aim to do?

Answer 31

NE Atlantic Biogeographic Region | Aims to harmonise international obligations

Question 32

What does a Regional Seas approach do?

Answer 32

Assess marine biological resources and the physical and chemical processes on which they depend on

Question 33

What are Marine Landscapes?

Answer 33

Regions/Areas with limited biological data but with a requirement to strategically manage human activities

Question 34

What is included in a Marine Area and what are the 6 criteria for consideration?

Answer 34

All species and habitats including geological and geomorphological features 1. Typicalness 2. Naturalness 3. Size 4. Biological Diversity 5. Critical Area? 6. Are there any priority marine features?

Question 35

What are the 4 criteria that must be considered for Priority Marine Features?

Answer 35

1. Importance at Global and Regional Scales 2. Rarity 3. Rates of Current Decline 4. Threat of Decline