L1. Liquids and Solids

Question 1

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

1. Matter is made of particles that are constantly in __________.

Answer 1

motion

Question 2

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

2. The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its _______________.

Answer 2

temperature

Question 3

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

3. There is _________ between particles.

Answer 3

space

Question 4

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

4. __________ _________ happen when the temperature of the substance changes sufficiently

Answer 4

Phase changes

Question 5

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

5. There are attractive forces in between particles called _________________ _________.

Answer 5

intermolecular forces

Question 6

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

VOLUME/SHAPE: Assumes volume and shape of container

Answer 6

Gas

Question 7

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

VOLUME/SHAPE: Fixed volume; assumes shape of occupied part of container

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

VOLUME/SHAPE: Fixed volume; fixed shape (regardless of size and shape of container)

Answer 8

Solid

Question 9

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

DENSITY: Low

Answer 9

Gas

Question 10

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

DENSITY: High (2)

Answer 10

Liquid and Solid

Question 11

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

COMPRESSIBILITY: Easy to compress

Answer 11

Gas

Question 12

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

COMPRESSIBILITY: Cannot be appreciably compressed (2)

Answer 12

Liquid and Solid

Question 13

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

MOTION OF MOLECULES: Random, fast, cover large distances

Answer 13

Gas

Question 14

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

MOTION OF MOLECULES: Random, medium speed, limited distances

Answer 14

Liquid

Question 15

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

MOTION OF MOLECULES: Vibration in place

Answer 15

Solid

Question 16

These are attractive forces that act between molecules or particles in the solid or liquid states.

Answer 16

Intermolecular Forces

Question 17

TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

This is a special dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.

Answer 17

Hydrogen Bond

Question 18

TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule.

Answer 18

Ion–Dipole Forces

Question 19

TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Attractive Forces between polar molecules.

Answer 19

Dipole–Dipole Forces

Question 20

TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules

Answer 20

4. Dispersion Forces–London forces

Question 21

Dispersion forces usually increase with _______ _____.

Answer 21

molar mass

Question 22

It is the measure of the elastic force in the surface of a liquid. It is the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area.

Answer 22

Surface Tension

Question 23

Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces also have high _______ ________.

Answer 23

surface tension

Question 24

This is the tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings such as those between grains of a rock.

Answer 24

Capillary Action

Question 25

It is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules (the liquid molecules).

Answer 25

Cohesion

Question 26

It is an attraction between unlike molecules (such as those in water and in the particles that make up the glass tube).

Answer 26

Adhesion

Question 27

This is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Answer 27

Viscosity

Question 28

The greater the viscosity, the ________ the liquid flows.

Answer 28

slower

Question 29

Viscosity ____________ as temperature increases: hot molasses flows much ________ than cold molasses.

Answer 29

decreases, faster

Question 30

This is the pressure exerted by the gas in equilibrium with a liquid in a closed container at a given temperature.

Answer 30

Vapor Pressure

Question 31

The __________ the number of gaseous particles, the greater the pressure exerted by the gas.

Answer 31

greater

Question 32

This is the energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at a given temperature.

Answer 32

Molar Heat of Vaporization (ΔHvap)

Question 33

It is the symbol for enthalpy, which means heat content at a given standard condition.

Answer 33

H

Question 34

This is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure.

Answer 34

Boiling point

Question 35

What is the normal boiling point of water?

Answer 35

100 ° C

Question 36

These can form a regular repeating three-dimensional structure called a crystal lattice, which then produces this.

Answer 36

Crystalline Solid

Question 37

These can aggregate with no particular long range order, which then produces this. (from the Greek ámorphos, meaning “shapeless”).

Answer 37

Amorphous Solid

Question 38

These are arranged in fixed geometric patterns or lattices. The ordered arrangement of their units maximizes the space they occupy and are essentially incompressible.

Answer 38

Crystalline Solid

Question 39

This is a three-dimensional system of points designating the positions of the components (atoms, ions, or molecules) that make up a crystal

Answer 39

Lattice

Question 40

It is the smallest repeating unit of a lattice

Answer 40

Unit Cell

Question 41

They have a random orientation of particles.

Answer 41

Amorphous Solids

Question 42

Examples of this kind of solids are glass, plastic, coal, and rubber. They are considered super-cooled liquids where molecules are arranged in a random manner similar to the liquid state.

Answer 42

Amorphous Solid

Question 43

This is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

Answer 43

Phase Diagram

Question 44

The lines that serve as boundaries between physical states represent the combinations of pressures and temperatures at which two phases can exist in equilibrium.

Answer 44

Three Lines (Curves)

Question 45

It is the combination of pressure and temperature at which all three phases of matter are at equilibrium. It is the point on a phase diagram at which the three states of matter coexist.

Answer 45

The Triple Point

Question 46

It terminates the liquid/gas phase line. It is the set of temperature and pressure on a phase diagram where the liquid and gaseous phases of a substance merge together into a single phase.

Answer 46

Critical point