L1 Mechanics - physics Flashcards by Angela Zeng

First Law of conservation

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another

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Newton’s first law of motion

Unless a force is applied, an object will stay at rest or stay at a constant velocity

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Newton’s second law of motion

A force applied on an object causes an acceleration in the same direction as the force and this acceleration is equivalent to the amount of force over the mass of the object

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Acceleration

The rate of change in velocity, the change in velocity over the change in time.
a= v/t

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What is the unit for acceleration?

ms-2

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Deceleration

Can be described as negative acceleration, decrease in velocity over time.

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What is the unit for deceleration?

Meter per second square

m/s2

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Energy

The ability to do work

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Unit of energy

Joules

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Force

The interaction that changes the motion of an object. The push or pull on an object.
Fnet = ma

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What is the unit for force?

Newtons (N)

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Power

The rate of doing work

P= W/t (don’t get this confused with pressure)

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What is the unit for power?

Watts (W)

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Pressure

The physical force exerted on an object OR force applied over an area

P= F/A (don’t get this confused with power)

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What is the unit for pressure?

Pascals (Pa)

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Velocity

The rate of change in distance, speed in a given direction

v = d/t

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What is the unit for velocity?

m/s

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Speed

Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path

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What is the unit of speed?

ms-1

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Difference between speed and velocity

Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position

Speed is simply how fast an object is moving
Joules (J)

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What is the unit for work?

Seconds (s)

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What is the unit for time?

Seconds (s)

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What is the unit for distance?

Metres (m)

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What is the unit for area?

Meters squared (m2)

What is the unit for height?

Meters (m)

Weight

The force acting on the object | F=mg

What is the unit of weight?

Newtons (N)

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Whats is the unit for mass?

Kilograms (Kg)

Difference between mass and weight

Mass is a measure of how much matter there is in an object whereas, weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on the object

Friction

The force that acts in the opposite direction of the object in motion.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of an object due to its motion | e.g moving car

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its height | e.g car that is parked on top of a hill

Chemical Potential Energy

The energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms. | e.g batteries

Light Energy

The energy of electromagnetic waves | e.g flashlight

Heat Energy

Transfer of energy from one thing to another by kinetic energy, usually causing a higher temperature e.g stove

Electrical Energy

The movement of electrically charged particles

Elastic Potential energy

Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects

Magnetic energy

The energy created by the strength of a magnetic field | e.g refrigerator

Distance-time graph

Use gradient for calculating speed

Distance-time graph

Used to show how the distance and speed of an object changed with time

What does a horizontal (flat) line in a distance-time graph indicate?

Stationary/stopped | - Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

What does a straight line heading upwards on a distance-time graph indicate?

Constant speed | - Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

What does a curved line on a distance-time graph indicate?

Accelerating | - Object is changing speed which means it is acceleration/decelerating therefore resulting in a net force

Speed-time graph

Used to describe the movement of an object

What does the area under a speed-time graph show?

Distance traveled

How do you use gradient in a speed-time graph?

Use gradient for calculating speed/acceleration

What does a horizontal (flat) line in a speed-time graph indicate?

Constant speed | - Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

What does a straight line going down in a speed-time graph indicate?

Constant deceleration | - Non-constant speed, the object is changing speed so it is accelerating/decelerating therefore resulting in a net force

Area

The area under the graph shows distance traveled

Balanced forces

The forces acting on an object are the same size

Unbalanced forces

The forces acting on an object are not the same size

What is work done equal to?

Energy transferred

What are the four forces acting on an object?

Friction/air resistance Weight/gravity Thrust Support force

What is the force that pulls an object down?

Weight/gravity

What is the force that pulls an object up?

Support force

What is the force that pulls an object forward?

Thrust

What is the force that pulls an object backward?

Friction/air resistance