L1- Receptors - Intro to pharm

Question 1

What were opiates first used as?

Answer 1

An analgesic for pain relief

Question 2

What is the active ingredient for opiates?

Answer 2

Morphine

Question 3

What is a drug?

Answer 3

A chemical of known structure, that when administered produces biological effect

Question 4

3 Classes of drug

Answer 4

synthetic chemical
plant chemical
biopharmaceutical

Question 5

What is a medicine?

Answer 5

A preparation that contains one or more drugs administered to produce theraputic effect

Question 6

What can be injected to create proetins that lead to antibodies?

Answer 6

Oligonucleotides

Question 7

What is gene therapy?

Answer 7

addition of genetic material to cells to prevent, alleviate or cure.

Question 8

What are first generation biologics?

Answer 8

copies of endogenous protiens produced by recombinant DNA technology

Question 9

What are second generation biologics?

Answer 9

engineered proteins to improve performance

Question 10

What are New Biologics?

Answer 10

engineerd humanised monoclonal antibodies

Question 11

What can be found at the end of a drug name refers to it being a monoclonal antinbody?

Answer 11

“MAB”

Question 12

Define Pharmacoepidemiolgy?

Answer 12

the study of drug effects at population level

Question 13

How do most drugs exert their action?

Answer 13

by interacting with proteins

Question 14

What are receptors?

Answer 14

• macromolecular proteins that serve as recognition sites.
• any protein of a cell that can bind a molecule/drug, which then modulates some activity of the cell.

Question 15

What are enzymes

Answer 15

Chemical messengers

Question 16

Agonists

Answer 16

bind to a receptor, turning it on and bringing about change

Question 17

Antagonists

Answer 17

bind to a receptor and cause no change, blocks the receptor from working

Question 18

Inverse agonists

Answer 18

binds to a receptor and reduces the signaling

Question 19

How can drugs effect channels?

Answer 19

They can block them peventing signaling. eg Lidocane

Question 20

How can drugs effect enzymes?

Answer 20

By acting as inhibitors, false substrates or prodrugs

Question 21

What drug is used to treat inflammatory conditions such as gout? (prevent microtubule assembly)

Answer 21

Colchicine

Question 22

What drug affects microtubule dissasssembly and can also be used as chemotherapy?

Answer 22

Paclitaxel

Question 23

What is endocrine communication?

Answer 23

• Long distance signaling.
• When a cell signals to cells distributed
  widely in the body.
• signalling molecules/mediators are
  secreted into the bloodstream

Question 24

What is paracrine communication?

Answer 24

• Extracellular signal molecules/mediator
  act locally.
• Cell signals to neighbouring cells.
• Stored in vesicles Or synthesised on
  demand and diffuse to neighbouring cells.

Question 25

What is Nitric Oxide and what does it do?

Answer 25

Its a paracrine mediator synthesised by endothelial cells and casues smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation.

Question 26

How does vigra work?

Answer 26

Inhibits the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP, prolonging the action of NO.

Question 27

Where is contact dependant signaling mainly used?

Answer 27

In the immune system.