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BIO230 Entomology > L1 Taxonomy > Flashcards

L1 Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum do insects belong do

A

Arthropoda

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2
Q

What feature makes something an Arthropod

A

Jointed legs

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3
Q

What subphylum are insects in

A

Hexapoda

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4
Q

What characteristic puts something in the subphylum Hexapoda

A

Six legs

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5
Q

What are the two classes of Hexapoda

A

Entognatha and Insecta

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6
Q

What does apterous mean

A

Primitively lacking wings

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7
Q

What does entognathous mean

A

Mouthparts retracted within head

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8
Q

What are the 3 orders of Entognatha

A

Collembola, Protura and Diplura

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9
Q

What order of Entognatha have eyes

A

Only Collembola

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10
Q

Why do the other orders of Entognatha not have eyes

A

They mostly live underground

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11
Q

What is the relationship between the 3 orders of Entognatha and what is their relationship with other insects

A

The orders are related to each other or other insects

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12
Q

What are the two ways in which the Insecta’s can be classified

A

Based on development or divided depending on wing development

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13
Q

What are the 3 groups based on development and what does each one mean

A

Ametabola = no metamorphosis,
Hemimetabola = half metamorphosis,
Holometabola = whole metamorphosis

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14
Q

Give an example of an Ametabolous insect

A

Silverfish

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15
Q

How do Ametabolous insects develop

A

By moulting periodically (=ametabolous)
No metamorphosis, just get bigger

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16
Q

Give an example of a Hemimetabolous insect

A

Dragonflies

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17
Q

Are hemimetabolous insects non-winged

A

No, they have wings

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18
Q

How do Hemimetabolous insects grow

A

Change gradually by incomplete metamorphosis (=hemimetabolous)
Nymph turns into dragonfly

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19
Q

Give an example of a Homometabolous insect

A

Butterflies

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20
Q

Do homometabolous insects have a pupal stage

A

Yes

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21
Q

What is the lifecycle of a homometabolous insect

A

Egg hatches into larvae which forms a pup and then turns into an adult

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22
Q

How many subclasses of Insecta are there and what are they

A

2
Apterygota and Pterygota

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23
Q

How many orders of Apterygota are there and what are they

A

2
Archaeognatha and Zygentoma

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24
Q

What was the previous name of Apterygota

A

Egnota

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25
What is the relationship between the two orders
Superficially similar but now clear they are not closely related - fundamental differences in mouthparts
26
Do Apterygota have wings
No and they never have
27
Give an example of Archaeognatha
Bristletails
28
What is the skin of Archaeognatha covered with
Flat scales
29
Do Archaeognatha have eyes
Yes they are well developed
30
How many ocelli do Archaeognatha have
3
31
Where are Archaeognatha live
Leaf litter and under stones and on seashore
32
What do Archaeognatha eat
Algae and lichens
33
What is the structure of Archaeognatha tails
3 tails The middle one is longer as the abdomen has a long terminal filament
34
How many species of Archaeognatha are there
513
35
Give an example of a Zygentoma
Silverfish
36
What is the feeding method of Zygentoma
Scavengers
37
What is the structure of Zygentoma compared to Archaeognatha
Less cylindrical than Archaeognatha, tapered at rear Zygentoma are dorsoventrally flattened
38
What covers the surface of Zygentoma’s
Scales
39
What is the appearance of Zygentoma
Shiny appearance
40
Do Zygentoma have eyes
Sometimes They are reduced if present, otherwise absent
41
What is the structure of the tail in Zygentoma’s
3 tails all the same length
42
What components make up the tail
Long terminal filament (from abdomen) and two lateral cerci
43
How many known species of Zygentoma are there
60
44
What are the Pterygota ancestors of
Winged insects that evolved during Carboniferous
45
Why did some Pterygota lose their wings
Due to specialisation or habitat stability
46
What are the two infra classes of Pterygota
Paleoptera and Neoptera
47
Where are the wings on Paleoptera
Unable to fold wings back over abdomen
48
What is the lifecycle of Paleoptera
Hemimetabolous Egg -> nymph/naiad -> adult
49
What are the 2 orders of Paleoptera
Odonata and Ephemeroptera
50
Where are the wings on Odonata (2 different places for 2 different types of Odonata)
Held outstretched - dragonflies Held above abdomen - damselflies
51
Do Odonata have eyes
Yes, they are large and compound
52
How many pairs of wings do Odonata have and what is this called
2 pairs of wings = complex venation
53
What are the colours of Odonata and when does this differ
Bright colours except females and tenerals which are often more drab
54
Are the nymphs aquatic or terrestrial
Aquatic
55
How many superfamilies of Odonata
6
56
Are the adults aquatic or terrestrial
Both
57
Give an example of an Ephemeroptera
Mayfly
58
Where do Ephemeroptera hold their wings
Above their heads
59
How many flying stages are there in Ephemeroptera and what are they
Two stages 1. Sexually immature sub-imago hatches from nymphal stage and flies from water 2. Sexually mature imago
60
What is the name for the sexually immature subimago
Dun
61
What is the name for the sexually mature imago
Spinner
62
Are Ephemeroptera also sexually dimorphic
Yes
63
How long do adults live and do they eat
Short-lived and non-feeding
64
How do the larvae of Ephemeroptera eat
Aquatic scrapers
65
How many families of Ephemeroptera are there
10
66
How are Neoptera classified
Based on wing development
67
What are the two super orders of Neoptera
Exopterygota and Endopterygota
68
What is the lifecycle of Exopterygota
Immature to adult without pupil stage Nymphs develop gradually into adults through moulting
69
How do Exopterygota change from nymph to adult
Metamorphosis
70
Do the young and adults of Exopterygota look similar
Yes
71
Where do the wings do Endoptergyota develop
Develop wings inside the body
72
What is the lifecycle of Endopterygota
Undergo radical metamorphosis
73
What do the larval and adult stages of Endopterygota look like
Distinctive larval, pupal and adult stages
74
How do Endopterygota change from larvae to adults
Undergo radical metamorphosis
75
How do larval and adult stages differ in Endopterygota
Structure and behaviour

BIO230 Entomology (10 decks)

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