L10

Question 1

Where do we see the only rise in undernourishment globally (FAO 2018)?

Answer 1

Pacific

Question 2

Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Pacific

Answer 2

1. undernutrition
2. obesity

Question 3

Mutton Flaps

Answer 3

chunks of bone and fat cut off the end of top-quality lamb chops; often over 50% fat

Question 4

clip about obesity in Tonga (pacific island)

how does the journalist explain the obesity problem?

Answer 4

• Shift in Diets: Traditional foods replaced by cheap, processed, high-fat imports (like mutton flaps)
• Convenience: Modern, busy lifestyles favor quick, (unhealthy food choices over traditional meals)
• Sedentary Lifestyle: Less physical activity due to urbanization and modern conveniences.
• Cultural Factors: Larger body sizes associated with beauty and status.
• Health Impact: Rising rates of obesity-related diseases (e.g. diabetes and heart disease).

Question 5

clip about obesity in Tonga (pacific island)

What kind of solutions and obstacles are introduced?

Question 6

clip about obesity in Tonga (pacific island)

What kind of solutions and obstacles are not mentioned?

Question 7

What explains the stagnation if not persistent decline in food security in the Pacific Islands?

Question 8

What is “Dietary Colonialism”?

Answer 8

Refers to the shift from traditional food production to cash crops and the voluntary absorption of Pacific Islanders into the global food system.
Motivated by factors like status, taste, convenience, variety, necessity, and affordability.

Question 9

What are some reasons for the agricultural decline in the Pacific Islands?

Answer 9

• Geographic remoteness
• Shortage of land
• Loss of traditional agricultural knowledge
• Youth’s dislike for agricultural work
• Urbanization
• Local foods are often more expensive than imported foods
• Lack of economies of scale

Question 10

How are Pacific Islanders responding to chronic food insecurity?

Answer 10

• Revitalizing Subsistence Agricultural Systems:
  Some are returning to rural areas to practice traditional farming methods like “kastom gardens.”
• Private Food Sharing:
  People share food between households, and children may live with relatives who have better food access.
• Feasting (Public Food Sharing):
  Traditional feasts involve everyone contributing, ensuring food security through communal care.

Question 11

Repo taro (dirty taro) =

Answer 11

“nothing man”

Question 12

What are some pressures on fishing and marine environments in the Pacific?

Answer 12

• Coral bleaching and rising water temperatures
• Land conflicts
• Overexploitation, including illegal foreign fishing
• Habitat destruction
• Lack of access to markets (e.g., absence of freezers)
• Disappearance of conservation practices

Question 13

What are some long-term obstacles to food security in the Pacific Islands?

Answer 13

• Cash Poverty and Urbanization:
  Increased focus on simply “being full” rather than nutritional quality.
• Agricultural Decline:
  Youth’s disinterest, land shortages, and geographic isolation hinder traditional agriculture.
• Dietary Shifts:
  Increasing reliance on imported, processed foods due to affordability and convenience.

Question 14

What is the role of climate change in local agricultural systems?

Answer 14

Climate change reduces the viability of local agricultural systems, affecting food security through extreme weather events, shifting growing seasons, and increasing pressure on marine environments.

Question 15

What challenges are faced in shifting dietary preferences in the Pacific?

Answer 15

• Cultural Attachment to Imported Foods: Imported foods are often seen as modern or convenient.
• Cost: Traditional, local foods are often more expensive than imported alternatives.
• Social Change: As individualism rises, traditional sharing economies weaken, complicating food security solutions.