L101: Kidney 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What type of organ are the kidneys?
Excretory
What are the two main functions of the kidneys?
- Filter blood and produce urine;
- Maintain internal homeostasis*.
- fluid, BP, acid/ base, erythropoietin, Ca, Vit D, electrolytes
What is the function of the ureters?
Convey urine
What is the function of the bladder?
Store urine
What is the function of the urethra?
Void urine
What supplies blood to the kidneys?
Abdominal aorta (via renal arteries)
What drains the blood from the kidneys?
Inferior vena cava (via renal veins)
At what anatomical feature do arteries and veins join to the kidneys?
The hilum of the kidneys
What is the peritoneum?
A serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity
What is the name of the structure that supports and protects the kidneys?
Renal fat pad
In the macroscopic structure of the kidney, what are the three main parts?
- Pelvis;
- Medulla;
- Cortex.
Which part of the kidney contains the majority of nephrons?
Cortex - 85%
Where is urine concentrated, to prevent excess water loss, in the kidneys?
Medulla
What happens in the pelvis of the kidney?
Collection of urine which is then funnelled into the ureter
How much blood is processed by the kidneys per minute?
1.2L
The kidneys are highly vascular organs, what is the main sequence of blood flow from the renal artery?
- Afferent arterioles -
- Glomerular capillaries -
- Efferent arterioles -
- Peritubular capillaries.
How are the peritubular capillaries adapted for their function?
Vasa recta are U-shaped for greater absorbance
What are the two types of nephron?
- Cortical (short, LofH, 85%);
- Juxtamedullary (long, 15%).
In the kidneys, where does filtration occur?
In the renal corpuscle
What are the major components of the renal corpuscle?
- Bowman’s capsule;
- Glomerulus.
In the kidneys, where does reabsorption and secretion occur?
In the renal tubule
What are the major components of the renal tubule?
- PCT;
- L of H;
- DCT.
What is a glomerulus?
A network of fine capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule
How does the structure of the capillaries of the glomerulus assist ultrafiltration?
- Surrounded by a single layer of endothelial cells (fenestrated - pores);
- Basement layer;
- Podocytes with pedicels
