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BIOLOGY > L11: CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE > Flashcards

L11: CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Why is the heart divided into two sides?

A

to keep the un oxygenated blood separate from the oxygenated blood

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2
Q

How much blood does your heart pump every minute? How manny beats a day?

A

-5 quarts
- 100,000 beats a day

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3
Q

Right side of the heart holds …

A

un oxygenated blood

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4
Q

Left side of the heart holds ….

A

oxygenated blood

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5
Q

What is the function of a valve?

A

-to keep the blood moving the right way
-work like gates on a fence

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6
Q

Name all the valves:

A
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
  • pulmonary
  • aortic
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7
Q

What is the contraction of the heart called?

A

systole

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8
Q

What is the relaxation of the heart called?

A

diastole

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9
Q

What the blood vessels on your heart surface called?

A

Coronary Arteries

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10
Q

What is the function of electrical impulses?

A

they deliver the signal to pump blood

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11
Q

Why must multicellular organisims transport material internally?

A

Because some organisims that are more than a few cells thick cannot rely on diffusion to recive oxygen. it would take to long

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12
Q

What human internal transport system referred to as?

A

The circulatory system

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13
Q

What are the 2 components of the circulatory system?

A
  • muscular heart
  • blood vessels
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14
Q

What type of arteries carry the blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Thick-walled arteries

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15
Q

What type of vessels allow the exchange of materials between the blood and surrounding tissues?

A

tiny cappillaries

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16
Q

What veins collect blood from the body and return it to the heart?

A

Thick-walled viens

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17
Q

Is the human circulatory system open or closed?

A

It’s closed

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18
Q

What makes a circulatory system closed?

A

the blood never leaves the vessels

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19
Q

The cells of our body lie within….

A

0.03 mm of blood vessels

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20
Q

Whats something huge capillaries provide?

A

They provide an extremely large surface, area for exchange.

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21
Q

Are cells super close or far from the blood vessels?

A

super close

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22
Q

How many chambers does the human heart have?

A

4

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23
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?

A

Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle

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24
Q

What chamber of the heart receives blood from the body? Where does it go next?

A

Right atrium, pumps blood into the RV

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25
What chamber pumps the blood to the lungs? Where does it go next?
The right ventricle, then the left atrium receives blood from the lungs
26
What ventricle pumps blood throughout the body?
the left ventricle
27
The sound of human heartbeat comes from...
the closing of valves
28
T/F: valves open both ways
False. only opens one way
29
Heart beat sounds like...
"lub" + "dub"
30
The "lub" noise comes from
when the one way valve between the atrium and ventricle shuts
31
The "dub" noise comes from
when the valve between the ventricle and the arteries snaps shut
32
What represents the pressure change in arteries that receive blood from the left ventricle?
Blood pressure
33
Extremely narrow blood vessels lined only by a single layer of endothelial cells is called ....
capillaries
34
Since capillaries are super thin and narrow it makes it so.....
materials diffuse easily in and out of cappillaries
35
Can waste products diffuse into the capillaries?
Yes
36
What is blood made up of?
RBC WBC PLASMA
37
Function of RBC
-rich in hemoglobin - hemoglobin carries O2
38
Function of WBC:
-involved in the defence against pathogens
39
Plasma contains....
- solutes - proteins and amino acids -glucose, lipids - ions - waste products
40
What is a neutrophil?
- a type of white blood cell most abundant in the white blood cell
41
What is Phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells, like neutrophils and macrophages, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens (such as bacteria), or dead cells
42
Gas exchange must occur in organisims because....
they must be able to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
43
What organ is responsible for gas exchange?
Lungs
44
Why do humans require lungs whereas bacterium does not?
because bacteria and protists can simply diffuse gases through their membranes to meet their gas exchange needs
45
Example of organisims that have surface area for gas exchange:
- diatoms -earthworms
46
Examples of organisims that don't have enough surface area for gas exchange:
- Humans - Grasshoppers
47
How do fish facilitate gas exchange?
through there gill filaments
48
Humans get the oxygen to the cells that need it by having....
a respiratory and circulatory system
49
What are our lungs?
elastic sacs that allow us to pump in large amounts of air
50
Why were the lungs designed...
they were designed to provide a larger surface area for gas exchange
51
How does air flow into the lungs ?
- breath air through our oral and nasal cavities - air then enters the trachea - the trachea branches into smaller tube that form the lungs
52
What are the air sacs called that make up our lungs?
alveoli
53
What are alveoli?
sites of gas exchange
54
Alveoli have a combined surface area of...
two squash courts
55
What are the alveoli?
air spaces where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged with blood vessels
56
What allows the alveoli to exchange gases and oxygen so readily?
it's because the alveoli walls are very very thin so gas exchange can occur at a really small distance
57
What cell type makes up the walls of alveoli?
epithelial cells
58
What function do epithelial cells provide for our lungs?
gas exchange
59
T/F: Alveoil interacts with capillaries
True
60
Oxygen diffuses from the ____ to the ____
alveoli to the capillaries
61
CO2 diffuses from the ____ to the ____
capillaries to the alveoli
62
What's wrong with the plasma in the blood involved in gas exchange?
the plasma isn't that good at picking up oxygen in high enough quantities.
63
What picks up oxygen that travels from the alveoil to the blood?
RBC
64
Protein found in RBC:
Hemoglobin
65
Function of Hemoglobin essential to gas exchange:
Hemoglobin binds to oxygen
66
T/F: hemoglobin can both bind and release oxygen
True
67
What happens to the abilities of hemoglobin when there is a high concentration of oxygen ?
Hemoglobin tend to pick up more oxygen
68
Process of gas exchange broken down: (4)
- oxygen enters the bloodstream by diffusing from the alveoli - oxygen enters RBCs and binds to hemoglobin -Oxygenated RBC's travel to the tissue that requires this oxygen -The hemoglobin releases this oxygen to the cells or tissues that need it - Deoxygenated RBC travel back to the lungs
69
What species breathe differently?
Insects
70
How do insects breathe?
- air is pumped to the trachea - trachea delivers oxygen to tracheoles - tracheoles diffuse gases directly to cells
71
What adaptations do people who live at high elevations where there is low oxygen have?
- more efficient oxygen utilization -more hemoglobin concentration -more RBC
72
Gas exchange in plants occurs...
in the leaves of plants called stomata.
73
How does stomata regulate gas exchange?
by opening and closing
74
The plant leaf is made up of an upper and lower....
epidermis
75
What are the cells called that facilitate photosynthesis located in the upper leaf? What do these cells require?
-Palisade parenchyma -requires carbon dioxide
76
What would the air spaces in the plant leaf be comparable to in a human?
Both structures—air spaces in leaves and alveoli in lungs—serve similar purposes: to facilitate the exchange of gases

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