l12

Question 1

what is the ventricular system

Answer 1

Series of CSF filled interconnected spaces

Question 2

What is the ventricular system continuous with

Answer 2

the subarachnoid space and central canal

Question 3

Lateral ventricles anatomy

Answer 3

Body anterior posterior and inferior horn

Question 4

what seperates the lateral ventricles

Answer 4

Septum Pellucidum

Question 5

What sits on the roof of the lateral ventricles

Answer 5

The corpus callosum

Question 6

What sits in the lateral wall of the ventricles

Answer 6

The caudate nucleus

Question 7

What sits in the floor of the ventricles inferior horn

Answer 7

The hippocampus

Question 8

What does the lateral ventricles communicate though to the third ventricle

Answer 8

The interventricular foramen

Question 9

Describe the location and some features of the third ventricle

Answer 9

Between the thalami and fornix forms roof

Question 10

Look at slide 12

Answer 10

Look at it

Question 11

what does the fourth ventricle communicate to the third ventricle through

Answer 11

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 12

what is the 4th ventricle surrounded by

Answer 12

Hindbrain

Question 13

What is the cerebellum posterior, the pons and medulla anterior and the cerebellar peduncles lateral to

Answer 13

The 4th ventricle

Question 14

What is the 4th ventricle continuous with

Answer 14

Central canal and subarachnoid space

Question 15

look at slide 15

Answer 15

Look at it

Question 16

what does the 4th ventricle communicate through to the cisterna magna

Answer 16

2 foramen of Luschka

1 foramen of magendie

Question 17

What is the CSF produced by

Answer 17

The choroid plexus

Question 18

Function of the choroid plexus

Answer 18

It filters blood from branches of internal carotid and basilar arteries

Question 19

what type of epithelium surround he choroid plexus?

Answer 19

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 20

What is the process of CSF production

Answer 20

1) blood filtered through fenestrated capillaries

2) Components transported through cuboidal epithelium into ventricles

Question 21

Tight junctions between epithelial cells…

Answer 21

Prevent macromolecules from entering CSF

Permeable to water and CO2

Question 22

Give 4 features of cuboidal epithelium

Answer 22

Specialised ependyma:
villi-increase SA

Active transport of CSF components

Bidirectional-uptake of metabolites into circ system

Question 23

What is the conc of proteins in CSF compared to plasma

Answer 23

0.18g/l in CSF

75g/l in plasma

ideal for functioning of neurons

Question 24

CSF Circ part 1

Answer 24

:Lateral ventricles-3rd ventricle-4th ventricle-cisterna magna -subarachnoid space

Question 25

CSF circ part 2

Answer 25

Up ventral spinal subarachnoid space or bypass via cerebral hemispheres (cerebellum)- over cerebral hemispheres-(via arachnoid granulations and sup sagittal sinus)- down dorsal spinal subarach space

Question 26

Subarachnoid space describe and function

Answer 26

Lies between pia and arachnoid Functionally important -CSF in contact with brain parenchyma- transfer of micronutrients into brain-removal of metabolites

Question 27

what are arachnoid granulations

Answer 27

Herniations of arachnoid membrane through dura mater into venous sinuses

Question 28

What are the main venous sinuses

Answer 28

Superior sagittal and transverse sinuses

Question 29

Arachnoid granulations perforate

Answer 29

The dura

Question 30

Absorption of CF: pressures

Answer 30

150mm water in subarachnoid space 80mm in venous sinuses

Question 31

If venous pressure exceeds CSF pressure

Answer 31

Tips of villi close off and prevents reflux of blood into subarachnoid space

Question 32

total csf volume range and total produced in one day- reason for difference

Answer 32

90-140ml but 500ml produced by day Continuously moving Excess absorbed by arachnoid granulations

Question 33

4 main functions of CSF

Answer 33

Hydraulic buffer to cushion brain against trauma vehicle for removal of metabolites from CNS Stable ionic environment for neuronal function Transport of neurotransmitters and chemicals

Question 34

Colour of CSF in disease

Answer 34

Xanthocromia-yellow-due to subarachnoid haemorrhage CLOUDY During multiple sclerosis-protein content Bacterial meningitis- Leukocytes

Question 35

CSF sampling is taken how and where

Answer 35

By lumbar puncture at lumbar cistern

Question 36

What is hydrocephalus

Answer 36

Dilation of the brain ventricles Due to blocked CSF circulation, impaired absorption or over secretion Causing increased intracranial pressure Affecting neurological function

Question 37

Describe non-communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 37

Blockage within the ventricular system due to tumour -cyst | CSF doesn't circulate over the brain urface

Question 38

Cure for non-commun hydrocephalus

Answer 38

Surgery -insert a shunt to reduce intracranial pressure

Question 39

What is the dandy walker syndrome | non-communicating

Answer 39

Congenital malformation of the cerebellum obstruction within the foramina of 4th ventricle in infancy child's head becomes enlarged

Question 40

What is communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 40

Obstruction in the arachnoid villi Movement of CSF into venous sinuses is impeded Impaired absorption following subarachnoid haemorrhage trauma or bacterial meningitis-Acquired