L12: Diabetes Flashcards
What are the types of diabetes
- type 1
- type 2
- gestational diabetes
How do you diagnose diabetes
- urine analysis: check for the presence of glucose
- measure blood insulin
- measure blood glucose
- HBA1C level
How do you measure blood glucose
1) patient at a fasting state is given 75g of glucose
2) blood glucose levels are measure later on
What would the blood glucose levels be of a diabetic patient
At fasting glucose > 7mmol/L
Normal glucose > 11mmol/L
What hba1c levels would a diabetic patient show
> 6.8% or >48mmol/mol
Where is insulin secreted from
In the pancreas of beta cells
What type of hormone is insulin
Peptide
What is type 1 diabetes
Insulin deficiency caused by an autoimmune
In type 1 diabetes do you have the presence of ketone
Yes
What is type 2 diabetes
Genetic disorder which gives insulin deficient and insulin resistance
Do you have ketones present in type 2 diabetes
No
What is the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Lifestyle : diet and exercise
What is the treatment to type 1 diabetes
Insulin and lifestyle
Apart from high glucose what other condition can someone with diabetes get
High lipid
High blood pressure
What are the treatments to high blood pressure
- ace inhibitors
- beta blockers
- calcium channel blockers
- diuretics
